Performance evaluation and optimization of irrigation canal systems using genetic algorithm

Bibliography: p. 249-271

Introduction of Life Cycle Techniques in Evaluating Water Distribution Systems

Our generation is facing the daunting challenges of climate change and growing pressure on the environment; Challenges caused by human activities. Considering these environmental conditions and their relationship with social and economic challenges, to achieve the United Nations sustainable development goals, comprehensive and strong tools are required to make decisions to identify the solutions supporting sustainable development in the best way. Decisions should have a systematic perspective, and consider the life cycle and all its related impacts. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool possessing these characteristics. In this study, the life cycle assessment method is introduced first and then, several applications of this method in water distribution systems are examined using some articles. The review of previous studies showed that replacing the gravity transfer of water by pumping can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 64-81%. Also, choosing the right type and diameter for the pipes of the water distribution network - which will reduce leakage from the network - will increase the life of the network and save up to 75% of costs. Finally, recycling the network after its useful life has significant positive environmental effects and can reduce the potential of human poisoning and pollution of natural resources by 60-88%

Compensatory growth of Sobaity (Sparidentex hasta) and yellowfin seabreams (Acanthopagrus latus) relative to feeding rate during nursery phase

A 60‐day study was conducted to investigate the compensatory growth (CG) responses of sobaity (Sparidentex hasta) and yellowfin (Acanthopagrus latus) seabreams to restricted feeding ration and normal feeding ration phases during the nursery period. Fry stage of S. hasta and A. latus with initial weight (BWi) of 1 and 0.8 g, respectively, were fed a commercial diet at five ration levels (RL) including 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of their BWi over a period of 30 days (restricted‐ration phase) and then re‐fed up to visual satiation for another 30 days (normal‐ration period). According to the second‐degree polynomial relationship between specific growth rate and RL, the maintenance, optimum and maximum feeding rates for SGR in S. hasta were estimated to be 0.5%, 3.5% and 8.2%; meanwhile in A. latus, they were 0.3%, 4% and 8%, respectively. At the end of the normal‐ration phase, final body weight (BWf) of S. hasta fed at 10% RL was higher than the other treatments. In addition, A. latus fed at 6% and 8% RL showed full CG regarding BWf compared with fish fed at 10% RL. The findings of this study confirmed partial CG in S. hasta and full CG in A. latus after re‐feeding period.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio