Trends and Growth in Livestock Population in Sindh: A Comparison of Different Censuses

Livestock represents an important component of the agricultural sector in Pakistan especially Sindh. Indeed, crop and livestock activities are, to a great extent, interdependent upon each other, for their functioning within the farm sector. The latter provides inputs like farm yard manure (FYM) and draught power for the crop sector and, in turn uses fodder, crop products and residues. The present study has, therefore been undertaken to see the trend and growth rates of cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, and camels in Sindh during 1955 to 1996 livestock censuses. The study uses the livestock census data for 1955, 1960, 1972, 1976, 1986, and 1996. The study reveals that the population of cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, and camels has become steadily more important in the livestock economy of Sindh during the last two livestock census as compared to other provinces. The two types of livestock that showed relatively high growth rates over the four decades (1955-1996) are goats and sheep; the cattle, camels and buffaloes recorded relatively low growth rates. The highest number of cattle, sheep, goats and camels in Tharparkar are mainly glaring because the valley of Nagarparkar is richer in vegetable growth, which supports these types of livestock. A large number of buffaloes in Hyderabad and Nawabshah are mainly found, because in these two districts there are a large number of big farmers who can afford their farming in order to sell their milk.Livestock, Trends, Comparison, Historical, Compound, Growth-rate, Semi-log exponential, Sindh

Contribution of High-Yield Varieties Seeds to Major Food Crops Production, Yield and Area in Punjab - Pakistan

The present study is undertaken to measure the contribution of HYVs to major food crops (Wheat, rice, bajra, jowar and maize) production, yield and area in Pakistan Punjab. The study is based on secondary data for the last 44 years, i.e., from 1951-52 to 1994-95. For this purpose, a comparison of growth rates for production, yield and area is made (1) between period I (1951 to 1964) and period II 1965 to 1978). (2) between period II and period III (1979 to 1994) and (3) between period I and period IV (1951 to 1994). The study shows that the influence of HYV seed on production, yield and area for major food crops in Punjab is mixed. The contribution of HYVs to production, area and yield growth for wheat is remarkable. The adoption of HYVs has helped to accelerate the growth rate for production and yield for rice and maize in period II. In case of Jowar despite the fact that its area and production decreased its yield increased in period II, which may be due to the adoption of HYV seeds.Growth, Comparison, Periods, Time-series, Semi-log, HYV seed, Food crops, Area, Yield.

Perspective and Prospects of Commencing New Education Policy (NEP) of Pakistan: A Review of Conference.

This article focuses on four important factors: Assessment, Curriculum and Text Books’ Policy, Teachers for quality education and Education and management, as formulated by Education and Literacy Department of Sindh Government. Open poll discussions and views given by educationists and experts were taken. All the views have been summarized for consideration by all concerned. Chief Minister Sindh, Arbab Ghulam Rahim, Javed Hussain, Education Minister, Hamida Khoro and Education Secretary to Government of Sindh, Ghulam Ali Pasha also shared their opinions on the new Education Policy and Government’s intention to ensure quality education in Sindh Province. The purpose of this article is to review and summarize the views presented in the Education Conference and reach fruitful conclusions. The implications are also made keeping in mind the targets of New Millennium Development Goals (NMDGs).Assessment, Curriculum and Text Book Policy, Education and Management, Literacy

Family Types, Authority Structure and Women Workers in Sindh Labor Force: Problems and Prospects

The development of a society is virtually dependent upon the quality of human resources both male and female, the changing pattern of economic and social development of world societies irrespective of their level of development, necessitates and equal advancement of both the social segments. The numerical reality that women constitute about nearly half of the total population of Sindh ideally assigns to them equal participating role in the economic life of the province. However, like other developing countries, women’s role in Sindh as an active worker-producer of goods and services has not been duly recognized by this male dominated society. With the objective of ensuring increased participation of women, clear-cut guidelines about integrating women in the development process and defining their roles are still lacking in Sindh. The present study is a step in the direction of bridging the gap of information about female labor force participation of Sindh in different, activity rates, industry group, occupation group and employment status in 1981 and 1998 population census. The most important conclusion that emerges from this study is that though percentage of women labor force in different, activities, industry group, occupation group and employment status has mostly increased in 1998 asFamily, Authority, Problems, Female, Labor Force, Sindh

Collection of Departmental Information by Utilizing Computer Technology: Evidence from Schools of Karachi

This paper is an analysis of Collection of Departmental Information (CDI) of Education Department of Karachi, but the concept of the paper is general in nature and applicable to every department of any country for the purpose of computerization of all the related records and CDI. The Paper examines the existing manually run infrastructure of CDI for onward submission to concerned departmental authorities. With the advent of information technology, the transformation and collection of information is analyzed for comparison between traditional source code and computer based working system. Trend of introducing computer in Government Departments has been examined and recorded with positive results. The Governor of Sindh seems to be very serious and has much emphasized the need of using computer technology for easy access, efficient, diligent and versatile functioning of the departments. In the light of results based on interviews, literature review and their analysis, policy implications are made for better Management of CDI for concerned authorities.Manual Information, Computer Technology, Versatile, Diligent, Acceleration, Access and Management

Family Types, Authority Structure and Women Workers in Sindh Labor Force: Problems and Prospects

The development of a society is virtually dependent upon the quality of human resources both male and female, the changing pattern of economic and social development of world societies irrespective of their level of development, necessitates and equal advancement of both the social segments. The numerical reality that women constitute about nearly half of the total population of Sindh ideally assigns to them equal participating role in the economic life of the province. However, like other developing countries, women’s role in Sindh as an active worker-producer of goods and services has not been duly recognized by this male dominated society. With the objective of ensuring increased participation of women, clear-cut guidelines about integrating women in the development process and defining their roles are still lacking in Sindh. The present study is a step in the direction of bridging the gap of information about female labor force participation of Sindh in different, activity rates, industry group, occupation group and employment status in 1981 and 1998 population census. The most important conclusion that emerges from this study is that though percentage of women labor force in different, activities, industry group, occupation group and employment status has mostly increased in 1998 as compared to 1981, but being nearly half of the population this increase is still very low.Family, Authority, Problems, Female, Labor Force, Sindh

Livestock: A Reliable Source of Income Generation and Rehabilitation of Environment at Tharparkar

This paper attempts to identify the farming and growth rate of livestock and demographic conditions helping in its growth and focus is specially to examine: (i) to know the trend of growth of performance of livestock farming; (ii) to promote fencing of farmland and conservation of rangeland for fodder (iii) to find the new topics for further research. Hypothesis given bellow are tested in the light of above objectives: (i). it is hypothysed that livestock farming is reliable source of income generation; (ii). it is also hypothysed that reforming of farmland and rangeland will provide abundant fodder and will prove sustainable source of income generation and rehabilitation of environment. Two alternatives hypothesis are also set: (i). livestock farming is not reliable source of income generation, if properly managed too. (ii) reforming of farmland and rangeland will not provide abundant fodder and will prove sustainable source of income generation and rehabilitation of environment. The study reveals that the important component of agriculture sector is livestock and is an insurance against harvest failures and a source of easily cashable investment capital. It has more than 22 percentage of share of whole province’s livestock. Agriculture dependent families are 81 percent and 92 percent families have opinion that livestock is the only first level sustainable source of livelihood in Tharparkar and needs more attention of researchers to evaluate it.Livestock, Trends, Comparison, Tharparkar, Growth rate, Rehabilitation, Reforming

Farming Management in Pakistan: Suggested Techniques

Abstract: In this paper an attempt has been made to identify types of farming in deserted district Tharparkar, Pakistan and suggest the techniques for improvement. Study reveals that in Tharparkar farming is of three types: rain-fed agriculture (crops), livestock and use of rangeland (no-crops). Situation of rain-fed agriculture is very bad because of fluctuation in amount of rainfall year to year. Livestock is sustainable source of income generation and use of rangeland is also beneficial. Following techniques needs for its improvement: forecast of rain, quality of seed, methods of cultivation, financial support, market, electricity, export program, storage facilities, NGOs support, water facilities, awareness of education, roads, gas, cultivation of Kandi plant, and other indigenous and exotic plants, village organization, time to time research, reform of a farmland, rearing of livestock of better quality, and conservation of rangeland. The study concludes that livestock will be first level sustainable source of income; rangeland second and farmland third if suggested techniques are applied

Farming Management in Pakistan: Suggested Techniques

Abstract: In this paper an attempt has been made to identify types of farming in deserted district Tharparkar, Pakistan and suggest the techniques for improvement. Study reveals that in Tharparkar farming is of three types: rain-fed agriculture (crops), livestock and use of rangeland (no-crops). Situation of rain-fed agriculture is very bad because of fluctuation in amount of rainfall year to year. Livestock is sustainable source of income generation and use of rangeland is also beneficial. Following techniques needs for its improvement: forecast of rain, quality of seed, methods of cultivation, financial support, market, electricity, export program, storage facilities, NGOs support, water facilities, awareness of education, roads, gas, cultivation of Kandi plant, and other indigenous and exotic plants, village organization, time to time research, reform of a farmland, rearing of livestock of better quality, and conservation of rangeland. The study concludes that livestock will be first level sustainable source of income; rangeland second and farmland third if suggested techniques are applied