The reproductive potential and certain behavioural aspects in some radio or chemo-sterilized stored grain insects

Imperial Users onl

Histopathological findings of myocardial tissue in CHF, MI and cardiac arrest

Introduction: Coronary arteries are responsible for perfusing the myocardium with oxygen rich blood. Based on bodily requirements, these vital arteries can quickly adjust oxygen delivery to the myocardium to meet demand. Coronary arteries, however, can become narrowed by pathologies such as atherosclerosis leading to ischemic heart disease. The most common form of ischemic heart disease (IHD) is coronary artery disease. With over 17.9 million lives lost annually, Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death. CAD progressively develops overtime due to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques can eventually rupture and result in complete occlusion of the coronary artery leading to a myocardial infarction, a severe and life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical intervention including percutaneous coronary interventions. Methods: Cadaveric specimens were collected from myocardial tissue that had varying pathologies including cardiac arrest, congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction. Moreover, tissue was collected from various regions of the myocardium including apex and right atrium. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed on myocardial tissue specimens and was subsequently analyzed via microscopy. Results: Microscopic analysis revealed that extensive changes occur to the myocardium follow ischemic and non-ischemic insults. These changes include myocardial fibrosis, coagulative necrosis and myocardial hypertrophy. Conclusion: Overall, this analysis demonstrates the histopathological findings that are common following insults to the myocardiu

Attitude towards Interest-free Financing among Small Traders and Farmers in Multan

It is frequently asked whether the modern economy can function without interest. This question has acquired some urgency in wake of the recent ruling of Supreme Court banning interest in Pakistan. In this respect every expert has his own opinion. Some pronounced that great harm will result from the banning of interest. Others have the opinion that such pronouncement is based on lack of understanding of the modern economic system, as well as the nature of the Islamic prohibition of interest. However, the banning of the rate of interest has affect on the economic activity, i. e. especially on the small traders and farmers. It is commonly argued that this change in capital market has two important effects on the economy. It increased the capital supply while price reduces, thus improving efficiency. And it makes also possible to produce more with relatively less cost, thus has positive effect on the growth of the economy.

Globalisation and Its Implications for Agriculture, Food Security, and Poverty in Pakistan

The world trade liberalisation has been the major concern to almost all the international communities since very long due to the extensive trade restrictions imposed by the developed and industrial countries. These restrictions caused to create a very tough protectionist economic environment for all the countries [SESRTCIC (1995) and Chaudhary (2001)]. Pakistan is one of the founder members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) since 1948 and a signatory of Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Agreement (MTA) with Word Trade Organisation (WTO). The Agreement made significant progress in three major areas i.e. market liberalisation which could add approximately one percent of world real GDP (US$212–274 billion) and 10 percent to world trade upon full implementation of the Agreement, strengthening of rule and institutional structure, particularly the creation of WTO, which could decide on dispute and impairment of trade rules and principles, and integration of new areas into the multilateral trading system such as general agreements on trade in services (GATS) and trade-related intellectual property rights (TRIPs), trade-related investment measures (TRIMs) and the traditionally sensitive and contentious sectors (agriculture, and textile and clothing) [Abidin (1994); GATT (1994) and IMF (1994)]. The classical economists explained the welfare benefits of globalisation (by the specialisation and widening of markets through trade). Trade can bring settlement by allowing countries to take benefit of their comparative advantage, harvest the profit of scale economies and ensure competition, greater variety and potentially, more stable markets and prices.

Efficient separation of the orbital angular momentum eigenstates of light

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light is an attractive degree of freedom for funda- mentals studies in quantum mechanics. In addition, the discrete unbounded state-space of OAM has been used to enhance classical and quantum communications. Unambiguous mea- surement of OAM is a key part of all such experiments. However, state-of-the-art methods for separating single photons carrying a large number of different OAM values are limited to a theoretical separation efficiency of about 77 percent. Here we demonstrate a method which uses a series of unitary optical transformations to enable the measurement of lights OAM with an experimental separation efficiency of more than 92 percent. Further, we demonstrate the separation of modes in the angular position basis, which is mutually unbiased with respect to the OAM basis. The high degree of certainty achieved by our method makes it particu- larly attractive for enhancing the information capacity of multi-level quantum cryptography systems

Regulation of angiogenic factors by pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) in tumorigenesis.

Pituitary tumor transforming gene ( PTTG ), also known as securing, is a novel oncogene that is expressed at high levels in most of the tumors analyzed to date. Overexpression of PTTG in mouse fibroblast(NIH 3T3) cells increases cell proliferation, induces cellular transformation and promotes tumor formation in nude mice. PTTG is a multi-domain and multifunction protein. Some functions of PTTG include inhibition of pre-mature sister chromatid separation, activation of transcription of c-myc oncogene, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair. In some cancers such as thyroid, pituitary, esophageal, and colorectal tumors, high PTTG expression correlates with metastasis and poor prognosis. The PTTG gene encodes a protein of 203 amino acids and is consists of six exons and four introns. The PTTG promoter is specifically activated in tumors and is highly regulated by Spl and NF-Y nuclear factors. However, the precise mechanism by which PTTG mediates its tumorigenic function remains unclear. To this end, we determined the effect of PTTG on tumor metastasis and angiogenesis by determining its effect on secretion and expression of various angiogenic and metastatic factors including bFGF, VEGF, IL-8 and MMP-2. Using RT/PCR, ELISA and zymography we showed a significant increase in expression and secretion of bFGF, VEGF, IL-8 and MMP-2 in HEK293 cells on transfection of PTTG cDNA. Down regulation of PTTG expression by siRNA and a genetically deleted HCTI 1\u276 (PTTG -/-) cell line showed significantly decrease in expression of MMP-2, which led to decreased invasion and migration of HCT116 (PTTG-/-) cells as compared to the HCT116 wild type. Taken together, our results confirm that PTTG is a potent tumorigenic gene that exerts its tumorigenic functions by increasing secretion and expression of VEGF, bFGF, IL-8 and MMP-2 and MTl-MMP. In addition expression of other angiogenic and adhesion molecules including beta-1, beta-3, alpha-5 and alpha-V integrins was also modulated by PTTG in HEK293 cells

MERCY (RAHMAH) AS THE PRELUDE TO ISLAM

Mercy is central to the very identity of Islam, yet this is not often recognized by theologians and scholars. This paper will demonstrate that the idea of mercy is important as a prelude to the understanding of Islam and an interpretation of its teachings. This important role of mercy is evident in Islam's primary sources – the Quran and the Sunnah – and is not contingent on political, social, or historical contexts. It is well recognized that the proper comprehension of Islam hinges on grasping the attributes of God, his divine message, and the character of his messenger. But what is often overlooked is that these aspects are fundamentally rooted in mercy. Islam encourages its followers to cultivate merciful virtues. It emphasizes that the compassionate nature of the faith should always precede the understanding and interpretation of its teachings. As a result, Muslims are encouraged to nurture a compassionate self, foster a benevolent mindset and approach, and anchor their religious obedience in the spirit of mercy. While followers of Islam are responsible for upholding this ethos, external observers too should try to view the religion fairly based upon this recognition of the centrality of mercy

Western intellectual insights for Muslim policy makers on religion based economy

The subject of relationship between religion and economy raises many issues. It touches the originality of religion and economy and their nature of relationship including their independence and dependence. Western scholarship on the subject has useful insights for the Muslim policy makers on religion based economy. This research undertakes Marx and Weber’s thought on the subject and relates the issue with the current reality in industrialized countries such as Singapore. The findings show that Marx is a reductionist and Weber’s thesis highlights the independent role of religion in fostering economy although he remains pessimistic regarding its religiosity. The more plausible view is that though religion is an independent variable, yet there is interdependence between religion and economy. The economical modalities influence religious life in many ways. This challenge calls Muslim policy makers for a continuous intellectual effort in making creative contributions in making religion based economy possible

Spatio-temporal analysis of urban dynamics in Kashmir valley (1901-2011) using geographical information system

Kashmir valley is the most urbanized region of Indian Himalayan region. The study of distribution, growth and extent of its urban centers is vital to create a sound economic base as urban centers are reflectors of overall development of a region. The present study has been carried out using geographical information system to analyze the spatial distribution of different size class towns in different physiographic divisions of the valley. The study reveals that Srinagar is a primate city while almost all the urban centers fall in its zone of influence. The urban development in the valley is very lopsided and imbalanced with Srinagar witnessing tremendous growth and small urban centers have either recorded sluggish growth or have shown signs of stagnation. This twin process has made urban growth very complex phenomenon and a challenging task for city planners to ensure a reasonable quality of life and environment to the inhabitants. The unplanned and unregulated urbanization is leading to several kinds of environmental change which are more intensive and hazardous in the ecologically fragile Kashmir Himalayas. The present study will help in devising a balanced urban growth strategy in the region, by reducing the disparities in the levels of socio-economic development