Nanosensor Data Processor in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an attractive nanotechnology with the potential alterative to CMOS technology. QCA provides an interesting paradigm for faster speed, smaller size, and lower power consumption in comparison to transistor-based technology, in both communication and computation. This paper describes the design of a 4-bit multifunction nanosensor data processor (NSDP). The functions of NSDP contain (i) sending the preprocessed raw data to high-level processor, (ii) counting the number of the active majority gates, and (iii) generating the approximate sigmoid function. The whole system is designed and simulated with several different input data

Suspension of Friday and Daily Congregational Prayers during Pandemic: A Juristic Maqasidic Study: التوقف عن صلاة الجمعة والجماعات في زمن الوباء: دراسة فقهية مقاصدية

This study analyses the rulings of Islamic Shari'ah regarding the suspension of daily and weekly congregational prayers during COVID-19 or any other situation like this. Since saving lives from any harm is one of the major objectives of Sharīʿah, it prefers performing prayers at home instead of going to the mosque for prayer in congregation during COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive method has been followed in this article through incorporating the opinions of Muslim scholars and some international fiqh academies regarding the suspension of congregational prayers during COVID-19. The study, primarily, reveals Sharīʿah rulings for three issues of congressional prayers during any pandemic or emergency situation. They are: firstly, the ruling for Friday and daily congregational prayers in the mosque during COVID-19; secondly, ruling for attending Friday and congregational daily prayers for those who are already affected; thirdly, ruling for attending Friday and daily congregational prayers in the mosques by following preventive measures. http://aif-doi.org/IJFUS/05020