Long-term rheumatoid manifestations as a consequence of COVID-19 and/or vaccination: A case report after a 2-year follow-up

COVID-19 is now established as a multi-organ involvement disease with a broad range of manifestations. Identification of post-acute COVID-19 incidence is critical according to increasing number of late symptoms reports. Hereby, we report a case with a past history of COVID-19 who presented different manifestations including osteoarticular and neurological involvement within a long-term follow-up. The organs involvement initiated lately after primary vaccinations (with inactivated vaccine) and lasted few months without any pre-existing medical condition. However, upon the completion of the vaccine schedule and receiving a protein subunit vaccine, PastoCovac Plus, as a booster, the symptoms improved substantially and resolved, though in the reinfection episode partial, reoccurrence was recorded. This presentation can be a challenging issue owing to the fact that the majority of global population are vaccinated and also experience COVID-19 in this era and sometimes differentiation between consequences of the virus as post COVID-19 or the vaccination side effects is difficult

Study of the effects of controlled morphine administration for treatment of anxiety, depression and cognition impairment in morphine-addicted rats

Background: Morphine dependency usually results in undesired outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive alterations. In this study, morphine was used to manage morphine dependence-induced anxiety, depression, and learning and memory disturbances. Materials and Methods: Forty rats were divided equally into five groups. Group 1 received saline for 21 days. Groups 2–5 were dependent by increasing administration of morphine (15–45 mg/kg) for 7 days. For the next 14 days, morphine was administered as the following regimen: Group 2: once daily; 45 mg/kg (positive controls), Group 3: the same dose with an increasing interval (6 h longer than the previous intervals each time), Group 4: the same dose with an irregular intervals (12, 24, 36 h intervals interchangeably), and Group 5: decreasing doses once daily (every time 2.5 mg/kg less than the former dosage). On days 22–26, elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), forced swim test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST) were performed to investigate anxiety level and depression in animals. Between 17th and 21st days, Morris water maze (MWM) was used to evaluate the spatial learning and memory. Results: Chronic morphine administration caused depression and anxiety as observed by FST, EPM, and TST and decreased motor activity in OFT and caused impairment in learning and memory performance in MWM. Treatment with our protocol as increasing interval, irregular interval, and decreasing dosage of morphine caused marked reduction in depression, anxiety, and improved cognition performance compared with positive control group; and attenuated motor deficits in morphine-dependent rats, remarkably. Conclusions: Change in dosage regimens of morphine can reduce morphine-induced anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairments

Anemia Prevalence and Related Factors in HIV-Infected Patients: A Cohort Study

ABSTRACT Background and Objective: Anemia is a common manifestation of human immunodeficienc

Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Metabolic Abnormalities in HIV-Infected Patients

Dyslipidemia has become a common problem in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, especially in patients on combination antiretroviral therapy. We investigated the prevalence of and factors associated with dyslipidemia in HIV-infected patients in Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 190 HIV positive patients who referring to behavioral disease consulting centers (Shemiranat, Varamin) and Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS in Tehran, were studied from December 2005 to December 2006.A standardized questionnaire with epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic data was completed by physicians. Blood samples were obtained for metabolic measurements. CD4 cell count was measured by flow cytometry. Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and lactate were elevated in 16.9%, 29.9%, and 22.5% of patients, respectively. The prevalence of elevated triglyceride and cholesterol levels was significantly higher among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy than it was among those who were not receiving treatment. Fasting hyperglycemia was noted in 10.1% of patients overall, but this was not significantly associated with antiretroviral treatment group. Low HDL levels were noted in 52.4% of patients overall, and this finding did not vary by treatment group. There is a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients taking antiretroviral therapy in Iran. We conclude that the prevalence of and factors associated with metabolic abnormalities in HIV-infected Iranian patients are similar to those reported for Western and Asian studies