Salinity-induced change in green vegetation and land use patterns using remote sensing, NDVI, and GIS techniques: A case study on the southwestern coast of Bangladesh

This study measured the salinity in the surface water, groundwater, and soils of the southwestern coast of Bangladesh to illustrate the changes in vegetation patterns of the area by NDVI values through RS and GIS. The top soils are found more saline than the sub-soils, and the salinity decreased with soil depths mostly towards the river's flow paths. Almost 50, 86, 100, and 72% of samples of the pond, Gher/agricultural field, river/Khal, and groundwater, respectively are identified as brackish. From the year of 1989–2020, the saline-rich waterlogging area was found to increase while the green vegetation decreased considerably

Consequences of catastrophic cyclone Amphan in the human-induced coastal plain ecosystems of Bangladesh

The Amphan, a super cyclone, hit the Bangladesh coast on May 20, 2020. This study conducted on the worst calamity-affected areas of southwestern coast of Bangladesh through field investigation, and Modification of Normalized Difference Water Index, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index analysis. The study disclosed that most of the areas were submerged by tidal saline water during the cyclone. The people in the areas were taken refuge on embankments and in cyclone shelters. The vegetation was fully or partially damaged/dead due to undesired inundation. Domestic animals are completely absent in the area due to the unavailability of freshwater