Globalization and Arabic language

اتٟمد لله الذم خلق الإنساف من ذكر كأنثى، كجعل اللغة نعمة من نعمو على الناس كالصلاة كالسلا على سيدنا ت٤مد كعلى آلو كأصحابو كمن تبعهم بإحساف إلذ يو الدين أما بعد: فاللغة ىي كعاء الثقافة، كأداة الاتصاؿ بتُ ات١اضي كاتٟاضر كلا يستطيع الإنساف مهما كاف أف يقف على كنوز الفكر الإنساني من تاريخ كشعر كنثر بدكف اللغة . فاللغة ت٢ا كظائف للفرد ككظائف للمجتمع . كىي جزء لا يتجزأ من السيادة، كاتٟفاظ على اللغة ىو تٛاية ت٢ذه السيادة . أما اللغة العربية اليو، باعتبارىا كعاء للثقافة العربية كللحضارة الإسلامية، تواجو عدة تٖديات. كمن أىم تٖدياتها ىي العوت١ة. تسعي ىذه الدراسة الذ تْث كاقع اللغة العربية اليو بُ ظل العوت١ة كما تهدؼ ىذه الدراسة أف تكشف عن التحديات التي تواجهها اللغة العربية بُ ىذه الأيا، كأف تٖدد التأثتَات التي تظهر بُ اللغة العربية بُ العصر اتٟديث كما تهدؼ ت١واجهة ىذه التحديات ا كلتأثتَات بُ إطار كضع منهج قوم. كلتحقيق ىذا ات٢دؼ استخد الباحثاف ات١نهج الوصفي كذلك بوصف ظاىرة العوت١ة كبياف علاقتها باللغة كمدل تٖدياتها كتأثتَاتها على اللغة العربية بوصفها لغة التعايش كالتعليم الأكاديدي. كمن أىم نتائج التي توصل اليها الباحثاف ىو تطوير الاتٕاىات اتٟالية بُ تعليم اللغة العربية ت٨و ما يحافظ على طبيعتها كلغة القرآف كاتٟديث كالشريعة الإسلامية كالثقافة الإسلامية من جانب كيثبت كجوديتها أما تٖديات العوت١ة من جانب آخر. كمن التوصيات التي يراىا الباحثاف ىو إعداد ات١ناىج الدراسية ات١ناسبة ت١واجهة التحديات كمراعاة ات١ؤلفات بُ المجالات النفسية، كالتًبوية، كالثقافية كاللغوية، تْيث تتناسب مع البيئة، كالثقافية. ا كلاعتماد بُ تدريس اللغة العربية على الوسائل السمعية كالبصرية اتٟديثة، كأجهزة الاستماع، كالأشرطة ات١رئية، كالشرائح ات١صورة، كأقراص اتٟاسوب

Weakly Primary Submodules over Noncommutative Rings

Let R be an associative ring with nonzero identity and let M be a unitary left R−module. In this paper, we introduce the concept of weakly primary submodules of M and give some basic properties of these classes of submodules. Several results on weakly primary submodules over noncommutative rings are proved. We show that N is a weakly primary submodule of a left R−module M iff for every ideal P of R and for every submodule D of M with 0 ̸= P D ⊆ N, either P ⊆ √ (N : M) or D ⊆ N. We also introduce the definitions of weakly primary compactly packed and maximal compactly packed modules. Then we study the relation between these modules and investigate the condition on a left R−module M that makes the concepts of primary compactly packed modules and weakly primary compactly packed modules equivalent. We also introduce the concept of weakly primary radical submodules and show that every Bezout module that satisfies the ascending chain condition on weakly primary radical submodules is weakly primary compactly packed module

Application of SMES unit to improve DFIG power dispatch and dynamic performance during intermittent misfire and fire-through faults

The number of wind turbines connected to power grids has significantly increased during the last decade. This is mainly due to the convincing revolution in power electronic technology and the growing concern about greenhouse effect that is intensified due to the burning of fossil fuels. Variable speed wind energy conversion systems (WECS) such as doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) are dominating the wind energy market due to their superior advantages over fixed speed-based WECS that include more captured energy, less mechanical stress and acoustical noise. DFIG is interfaced to the ac network through grid side voltage source converter (GSC) and rotor side voltage source converter (RSC) to enable the variable speed operation of the wind turbine and to provide reactive power support to the ac grid during disturbance events. Converter switching malfunction such as misfire and fire-through may influence the power dispatch capability of the DFIG. In this paper, a super conducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit is utilized to improve the power dispatch and dynamic performance of DFIG-based WECS during internal converter switching malfunctions such as misfire and fire-through faults. Simulation results without and with SMES connected to the system are presented, compared and analyzed

NUMERICAL STUDY OF A NON-NEWTONIAN PHASE CHANGE FLOW IN FINNED RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURES

Phase change materials (PCMs) are widely used for thermal energy storage systems due to their effective thermal properties for energy accumulation. Simultaneously, this material has poor thermal conductivity, and for the optimization of such systems, many techniques are used. This study focuses on an analysis of PCMs in a vertical cavity with one, two, or three solid fins and differential heating. The finite element procedure has solved governing equations formulated using the power-law approach for the non-Newtonian PCM and enthalpy-porosity method. The developed code has been verified using numerical and experimental data from other authors. Effects of fins number and power-law index on flow and thermal structures within the cavity have been studied. It has been found that a rise in the power-law index illustrates a growth of time for the charging level of the storage system, while the addition of a solid fin from one to three allows for reducing the charging time. The extended heat transfer surface can be applied to optimize the thermal energy storage system

An Interventional Study on the Effects of Pressure Ulcer Education on Jordanian Registered Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice

AbstractBACKGROUND: Pressure ulcers (PUs) are health problems that resulted in human suffering, pain, disfigurement, loss of productive time, and financial burden. Despite the fact that PU is largely preventable (Elliott, McKinley & Fox, 2008) and recent advances in health care, PU rates are significantly increased in health care facilities (EPUAP, 2009). PURPOSE: The current study examined the effects of pressure ulcer education program on nurses’ knowledge, practices, attitudes and intentions towards PU prevention and treatment. METHODS: Interventional approach using before-after test design was used. Two hundred and twenty nurses were randomly selected from eight hospitals in Jordan. Nurses’ knowledge and practice about PU was measured by PU knowledge and practice test based on EPUAP guidelines and Beeckman et al. (2011), while attitudes and intentions were measured using scales. RESULTS: The study revealed that nurses’ knowledge, practices, attitudes and intentions were improved towards PU prevention and treatment. Demographic variables such as gender and years of experience were influential in relation to nurses’ knowledge, practices, attitudes and intentions towards PU prevention and treatment. Results also showed lack of accurate information about PU management among nurses and positive nurses’ attitudes toward PU prevention and treatment. CONCLUSION: A PU education program is a powerful tool for nurses. It provides an opportunity to improve understanding of PU, keep abreast of current knowledge on PU, and eliminate patient's suffering. Additionally, PU education programs can help nurses to acquire professional attitudes that will enable them to improve quality of nursing care

A Multi-domain Approach Toward Adaptations of Socio-technical Systems:The Dutch Railway Case-Part 1

Socio-technical systems are highly complex in which a number of domains each of which including numerous interdependent elements are present. Therefore, for adaptation of sociotechnical systems, Part 1 of this paper presented a multi-domain approach based upon Design Structure and Multi-domain matrices to develop/analyze a multi-domain model of those system. Moreover, that model is analyzed according to both (1) the change propagation measures of the non-human domain and (2) the information processing view of the stakeholder domain of the socio-technical system. This papers presents application of the presented method in the Dutch railway system. We have reviewed the relevant railway literature, and interviewed with a number of the Dutch railway experts and validated our model. The results are presented in this paper.</p

Unveiling Employee Crisis Communication on Social Media: Influences and Insights from Experimental Qualitative Research

Businesses are increasingly using social media for crisis communication messages, and so do employees. Given the special relationship with employees, organisations should pay attention to understanding employee communication behaviour (ECB) during an organisational crisis. Drawing from the Situation Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) and the perspective of employees as active participants in crisis communication, this study proposes an evidence-based employee-focused conceptual framework of the anticipated ECBs on social media during an organisational crisis and in response to crisis type and the crisis response strategy utilized by organisations. This research aims to examine the impact of crisis types and crisis response strategies on employee communication behaviour outcomes in social media. The research employs a 2 (crisis type: victim crisis or preventable crisis) * 2 (crisis response strategy: accommodative or defensive) qualitative experimental design. 36 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted in Kuwait with employees working in different industries in the private sector to investigate: 1) ECB on social media in response to defensive and accommodative crisis response strategies in a preventable crisis type, 2) ECB on social media in response to defensive and accommodative crisis response strategies in a victim crisis type, and 3)Employee-organisation relationship (EOR) influence on ECB on social media during an organisational crisis. This research argues that the anticipated ECB is within four classifications 1) Proactive advocacy ECB, 2) Reactive advocacy ECB, 3) neutral ECB, and 4) Adversary ECB. The findings show that employees are more likely to engage in advocacy ECB if the crisis response is informative, regardless of the crisis type. An adversary ECB is expected when the organisation faces a preventable crisis type and utilizes a defensive response strategy. Additionally, a positive EOR encourages a more advocacy ECB