Infarcted accessory liver lobe in a pediatric patient: A case report

Introduction: Accessory liver lobe (ALL) is a rare abnormality of the liver that occurs during the third week of pregnancy due to the division of the hepatic bud and distortion of the endodermal caudal foregut. ALLs are typically asymptomatic. However, they can become twisted and cause acute abdominal pain. There have been 24 reported cases of ALL torsion in children, most of which required urgent surgical removal. Case presentation: A seven-year-old boy presented to the emergency room with one day of abdominal pain in the epigastric and right hypochondrium areas. Upon physical examination, localized rigidity was observed in the upper hemiabdomen, CT scan revealed a mass originating from the liver. Based on the clinical examination and the CT findings a diagnosis of acute abdomen was made and the patient underwent an emergency laparotomy. During the operation, a mass was found to be connected to the liver through a twisted pedicle. The pedicle was transected, and the mass completely removed. The histopathology report confirmed that the mass was an infarcted ALL and ruled out thrombosis or a neoplasm. Postoperatively the patient developed a bile leak at the base of the transected ALL pedicle, which was managed with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Conclusion: Making a definitive diagnosis of ALL before surgery may be difficult, even with advanced imaging. Pediatric surgeons should include ALL torsion in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain in children when a mass adjacent to the liver is found on the preoperative images

Assessing the Effectiveness of Eco-Friendly Management Approaches for Controlling Wheat Yellow Rust and Their Impact on Antioxidant Enzymes

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a destructive disease that causes significant yield losses in wheat production worldwide, including in Egypt. The use of biocontrol agents is among the best eco-friendly management strategies to control this disease, as they are more sustainable and environmentally friendly than traditional chemical control methods. In a comparative analysis, antioxidant enzyme activity and various management approaches were compared with two bacterial biocontrol agents, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida. This study showed the remarkable efficacy of endophytic bacteria, B. subtilis and P. putida, in mitigating wheat stripe rust infection across three wheat varieties, namely Misr1, Gimmeiza11, and Sids12. B. subtilis exhibited superior performance compared to P. putida, resulting in infection types of 1 and 2.66, respectively, following inoculation. The highest reduction rate was observed with Tilit fungicide (500 ppm), followed by B. subtilis and Salicylic acid (1000 ppm), respectively. Variations in wheat varieties’ response to Pst infection were observed, with Misr1 exhibiting the lowest infection and Sids12 showing high susceptibility. Among the tested inducers, Salicylic acid demonstrated the greatest reduction in disease infection, followed by Indole acetic acid, while Oxalic acid exhibited the lowest decrease. Additionally, the study evaluated the activities of five antioxidant enzymes, including Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POX), in the wheat-stripe rust interaction under different integrated management approaches. The wheat variety Misr1 treated with Tilit (500 ppm), B. subtilis, Salicylic acid, Montoro (500 ppm), and P. putida exhibited the highest increase in all enzymatic activities. These findings provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of B. subtilis and P. putida as biocontrol agents for wheat stripe rust control in Egypt, emphasizing their potential role in sustainable, integrated, and environmentally friendly management practices