14-Bromo-12-chloro-2,16-dioxapentacyclohenicosa-3(8),10,12,14-tetraene-7,20-dione

In the title compound, C19H16BrClO4, both the fused xanthene rings and one of the cyclohexane rings adopt envelope conformations, while the other cyclohexane ring is in a chair conformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C-H...O hydrogen bonds, forming infinite chains running along [10-1] incorporating R22(16) ring motifs. In addition, C-H...[pi] interactions and weak [pi]-[pi] stacking interactions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.768 (3) Å] help to consolidate the packing

2,2′-[(E,E)-cis-(Cyclo­hexane-1,4-di­yl)bis­(nitrilo­methanylyl­idene)]diphenol

In the title compound, C20H22N2O2, the asymmetric unit contains two independent half-mol­ecules, which are both completed by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The cyclo­hexane rings of both mol­ecules adopt chair conformations; the N atoms are in equatorial orientations in one mol­ecule and in axial orientations in the other. Both mol­ecules feature two intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which generate S(6) rings

2-((E)-{[4-(Hy­droxy­meth­yl)phen­yl]imino}­meth­yl)phenol

The title compound, C14H13NO2, adopts the enol–imine tautomeric form, with an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond which generates an S(6) ring motif. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 7.85 (7)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional array that stacks along the a axis. In addition, a C—H⋯π inter­action contributes to the stabilization of the crystal packing

3,3,6,6-Tetra­methyl-9-[6-(3,3,6,6-tetra­methyl-1,8-dioxo-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-octa­hydro-1H-xanthen-9-yl)pyridin-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-octa­hydro-1H-xanthene-1,8-dione

In the title mol­ecule, C39H45NO6, the two tetra­methyl­octa­hydroxanthen-1,8-dione substituents are arranged approximately parallel to each other and approximately perpendicular to the plane of the pyridine ring. The six-membered xanthene rings adopt flattened boat conformations with the O and methine C atoms deviating from the plane of the other four atoms

7-Bromo-9-(2-hy­droxy-4,4-dimethyl-6-oxocyclo­hex-1-en-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-2,3,4,9-tetra­hydro-1H-xanthen-1-one

In the xanthene ring system of the title compound, C23H25BrO4, the 4H-pyran ring is almost planar [maximum deviation = 0.040 (3) Å] and the cyclo­hexene ring adopts a sofa conformation. The cyclo­hexene ring attached to the xanthene system is puckered [Q T = 0.427 (3) Å, θ = 55.0 (4) ° and ϕ = 164.4 (6) °]. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked to each other by O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

(6Z)-4-Bromo-6-{[(2-hy­droxy­eth­yl)amino]­methyl­idene}cyclo­hexa-2,4-dien-1-one

The title mol­ecule, C9H10BrNO2, excluding methyl­ene H atoms and the C—OH group, is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.037 (2) Å for the N atom. The N—C—C—O torsion angle is −63.1 (3)°. The mol­ecular structure is stabilized by a weak intra­molecular N—H⋯O(carbonyl) hydrogen bond, forming an S(6) motif. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network

Ethyl (Z)-2-(4-chloro­benzyl­idene)-3-oxobutano­ate

The C=C double-bond in the title compound, C13H13ClO3, has a Z configuration. The aliphatic substituents at one end of the double bond, i.e. the CH3CO– and C2H5O2C– groups, are aligned at 82.1 (3)° with respect to each other

2-Anilino-3-(2-hy­droxy­prop­yl)-4-methyl-1,3-thia­zol-3-ium chloride

In the title compound, C13H17N2OS+·Cl−, the thia­zolium ring mean plane makes a dihedral angle of 55.46 (9)° with the benzene ring. In the propanol group, the N—C—C—C and N—C—C—O torsion angles are 172.58 (15) and 52.9 (2)°, respectively, and the S—C—C—C torsion angle is 178.99 (18)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming zigzag chains along [001]. There is also a C—H⋯Cl inter­action present

Genotoxic and Anatomical Deteriorations Associated with Potentially Toxic Elements Accumulation in Water Hyacinth Grown in Drainage Water Resources

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs)-induced genotoxicity on aquatic plants is still an open question. Herein, a single clone from a population of water hyacinth covering a large distribution area of Nile River (freshwater) was transplanted in two drainage water resources to explore the hazardous effect of PTEs on molecular, biochemical and anatomical characters of plants compared to those grown in freshwater. Inductivity Coupled Plasma (ICP) analysis indicated that PTEs concentrations in water resources were relatively low in most cases. However, the high tendency of water hyacinth to bio-accumulate and bio-magnify PTEs maximized their concentrations in plant samples (roots in particular). A Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay showed the genotoxic effects of PTEs on plants grown in drainage water. PTEs accumulation caused substantial alterations in DNA profiles including the presence or absence of certain bands and even the appearance of new bands. Plants grown in drainage water exhibited several mutations on the electrophoretic profiles and banding pattern of total protein, especially proteins isolated from roots. Several anatomical deteriorations were observed on PTEs-stressed plants including reductions in the thickness of epidermis, cortex and endodermis as well as vascular cylinder diameter. The research findings of this investigation may provide some new insights regarding molecular, biochemical and anatomical responses of water hyacinth grown in drainage water resources.</jats:p