Modelling And Design Optimization of Compound Thick-Walled Cylinders Treated with Autofrettage, Shrink-Fit, And Wire-Winding Processes

Thick-walled cylinders are crucial in various industrial applications, including mechanical, aerospace, naval, offshore, petrochemical, military, and electronics industries. These cylinders function as pressure vessels in diverse structures under different loading conditions. Some applications, such as steam boilers and aerospace propulsion systems, encounter severe cyclic thermo-mechanical loading conditions. Modeling the impact of these cyclic conditions is challenging due to the limited time between successive loads, preventing adequate cooling and resulting in thermal accumulation within the cylinder material. Thus, stress and temperature distributions within the cylinder thickness are altered, affecting mechanical and thermal properties. Existing models commonly assume temperature-independent material properties, utilizing the uncoupled thermo-elasticity approach. However, it is essential to adopt temperature-dependent material properties and a coupled thermo-elasticity approach for a precise estimation of residual temperature and stress distributions throughout the cylinder wall, significantly influencing thick-walled cylinder design. Moreover, under severe loading conditions, simple virgin cylinders may fail to sustain applied loads without undesirable increases in thickness and weight. Consequently, various surface treatment manufacturing processes, such as shrink-fitting, wire-winding, and autofrettage, have been developed to enhance durability and load-bearing capacity. These processes induce beneficial compressive stresses near the bore region, countering tensile stresses that would normally develop during loading, thus improving their fatigue lifetime. Accurate prediction of residual stresses resulting from these processes is pivotal for optimal cylinder design. However, due to several limitations associated with each individual reinforcement process, different combinations of reinforcement processes are proposed to alleviate these limitations. Estimating residual stresses due to such combinations is complicated, leading many studies to avoid analytical models. In response to these challenges, this thesis explores the behavior of temperature-dependent thick-walled cylinders treated with various reinforcement processes under cyclic thermomechanical loads. The classical coupled thermo-elasticity approach estimates thermal and mechanical responses, highlighting the significance of considering temperature-dependent material properties. Furthermore, an efficient analytical method is developed for estimating the residual stress profiles in cylinders with diverse reinforcement processes. This method forms the basis for a machine learning-based design optimization, streamlining the process and reducing computational costs significantly. Fatigue life assessment of the optimal configuration underscores the improvement achieved

Heart disease approach using modified random forest and particle swarm optimization

For the past two decades, heart disease has been classified as one of the main causes of mortality globally. Fortunately, most researchers focused on data mining techniques, which play an important role in accurately predicting heart disease to develop their models. In this paper, by combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) and modified random forest (MRF), a new approach (PSO-MRF) is proposed to predict heart disease. The main purpose is to select the important features after the bootstrap method for each decision tree in the random forest, and then optimize the MRF by the PSO algorithm. The experiments are carried out using the publicly accessible UCI heart disease datasets. Thorough experimental analysis demonstrates that our approach has outperformed the random forest algorithm as well as many other classifiers. This model helps doctors and researchers improve the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease, resulting in more prompt, accurate patient care

Clinical and Radiographic Predictors of Successful Coronary Angiography Through Right Radial Artery Access

Background: One of the limitations of the right radial access approach is complex vessel anatomy, such as subclavian tortuosity. Several clinical predictors have been proposed for tortuosities, such as older age, female sex and hypertension. In this study, we hypothesised that chest radiography would add predictive value to the traditional predictors. Methods: This prospective blinded study included patients who underwent transradial access coronary angiography. They were classified into four groups according to difficulty: Group I, Group II, Group III and Group IV. Different groups were compared according to clinical and radiographic characteristics. Results: The study included 108 patients (54, 27, 17 and 10 patients in Groups I, II, III and IV, respectively). The rate of crossover to transfemoral access was 9.26%. Age, hypertension and female sex were associated with a greater difficulty and failure rates. Regarding radiographic parameters, a higher failure rate was associated with a higher diameter of the aortic knuckle (Group IV, 4.09 ± 1.32 cm versus Groups I, II and III combined, 3.26 ± 0.98 cm; p=0.015) and the width of the mediastinum (Group IV, 8.96 ± 2.88 cm versus Groups I, II and III combined, 7.28 ± 1.78 cm; p=0.009). The cut-off value for prominent aortic knuckle was 3.55 cm (sensitivity 70% and specificity 67.35%) and the width of mediastinum was 6.59 cm (sensitivity 90% and specificity 42.86%). Conclusion: Radiographic prominent aortic knuckle and wide mediastinum are valuable clinical parameters and useful predictors for transradial access failure caused by tortuosity of the right subclavian/brachiocephalic arteries or aorta

Double Jaw surgery for a patient with Gnathodiaphyseal Dysplasia (GDD): A case report and literature review

Integrative Biolog

Revolutionizing Psoriasis Topical Treatment: Enhanced Efficacy Through Ceramide/Phospholipid Composite Cerosomes Co-Delivery of Cyclosporine and Dithranol: In-Vitro, Ex-Vivo, and in-Vivo Studies

PURPOSE: Improving the treatment of psoriasis is a serious challenge today. Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin condition affecting 125 million people worldwide. It is commonly treated with cyclosporine-A (CsA) and dithranol (DTH). CsA suppresses the activation of T-cells, immune cells involved in forming psoriatic lesions. Meanwhile, DTH is a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative drug that effectively reduces the severity of psoriasis symptoms such as redness, scaling, and skin thickness. CsA and DTH belong to BCS class II with limited oral bioavailability. We aim to develop a drug delivery system for topical co-delivery of CsA and DTH, exploring its therapeutic potential. METHODS: Firstly, we developed a niosomal drug delivery system based on ceramide IIIB to form Cerosomes. Cerosomes were prepared from a mixture of Ceramide, hyaluronic acid, and edge activator using a thin-film hydration technique. To co-deliver CsA and DTH topically for the treatment of psoriasis. These two hydrophobic drugs encapsulated into our synthesized positively charged particle cerosomes. RESULTS: Cerosomes had an average particle size of (222.36 nm± 0.36), polydispersity index of (0.415±0.04), Entrapment Efficiency of (96.91%± 0.56), and zeta potential of (29.36±0.38mV) for selected formula. In vitro, In silico, in vivo, permeation, and histopathology experiments have shown that cerosomes enhanced the skin penetration of both hydrophobic drugs by 66.7% compared to the CsA/DTH solution. Imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriatic mice model was topically treated with our CsA/DTH cerosomes. We found that our formulation enhances the skin penetration of both drugs and reduces psoriasis area and severity index (PASI score) by 2.73 times and 42.85%, respectively, compared to the CsA/DTH solution. Moreover, it reduces the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 compared to CsA/DTH solution administration. CONCLUSION: The Cerosomes nano-vesicle-containing CsA/DTH represents a more promising topical treatment for psoriasis, giving new hope to individuals with psoriasis, compared to commercial and other conventional alternatives

Linking Medical Treatment and Physiotherapy in Stroke Recovery: A Meta-Analytical Statistical Synthesis

Stroke remains a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, necessitating integrated approaches to rehabilitation. This meta-analytical study synthesized data from previously published peer-reviewed articles to assess the combined impact of physiotherapy and medical treatment on stroke recovery. To investigate motor and cognitive outcomes, independence in recovery time to (ADLs) and quality of life, data from studies that contained information from over 10,000 patients were analyzed. The meta-analysis covered 18 studies (2010–2023) from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria focusing on adult stroke patients and quantitative outcome reporting. Statistical analysis utilized independent t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. Key findings revealed a significant improvement in motor function in the combined treatment group (M = 71, SD = 9.4) compared to the medical-only group (M = 58, SD = 10.1), t (9988) = 35.2, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.32. Cognitive scores were also significantly higher in the combined group (M = 83.4, SD = 8.2) versus medical-only (M = 70.3, SD = 9.1), t (9988) = 30.1, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.25. Regression analysis indicated that treatment type and age were significant predictors of recovery outcomes (R² = 0.67, F (4, 9945) = 506.3, p < 0.001). Demographic subgroup analysis highlighted better outcomes in younger female patients and those with hemorrhagic stroke. The study underscores the importance of early, structured physiotherapy within multidisciplinary care models and provides statistically grounded insights to inform stroke rehabilitation protocols

Expression Levels of miR-590-3p in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Osteosarcoma Cell Lines and its Downstream Target Genes

Small non-coding RNA (miRNA) sequences of around 18-25 nucleotides can regulate different cellular pathways by acting on tumor suppressors, oncogenes or both. They are mostly tissue-specific and can be up-regulated or down-regulated, depending on the cancer or the tissue in which they are found. hsa-miR-590-3p was found to be involved in several types of cancers. In this study, we used computational analysis to identify potential downstream target genes of hsa-miR-590-3p. We used five databases (TargetScan, miRanda-mirSVR, miRDB, miRTarBase and Diana Tools) to obtain a dataset of potential downstream target genes of hsa-miR-590-3p from each database. We obtained lists of hundreds of genes from these databases. We obtained a shorter list of common genes in all five databases from which we selected fourteen genes with the potential to affect cancer progression and to help further understand the disease pathogenesis, based on previous literature and further in silico analysis using Expression Atlas and The Human Protein Atlas. SOX2, N-cadherin, E-cadherin and FOXA2 were utilized as potential downstream target genes of hsa-miR-590-3p. SNU449 and HepG2, hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, and U2OS, osteosarcoma cell line, were used to carry out various molecular techniques to further validate our in silico results. mRNA and protein expression levels of these genes were detected using RT-PCR and western blotting respectively. In an attempt to co-localize the hsa-miR-590-3p and its candidate downstream target gene, SOX2, we conducted a miRNA in situ hybridization combined with immunohistochemistry staining using anti-SOX2. The results show that there is an inverse correlation between hsa-miR-590-3p expression and SOX2 protein expression in SNU449 and U2OS. Examining the expression of hsa-miR-590-3p downstream target genes can enhance our understanding of the cancer pathogenesis and how it can be utilized as a therapeutic tool