Integration between well logging and seismic reflection techniques for structural analysis and reservoir characterizations, Abu El Gharadig basin, Egypt

AbstractAbu El Gharadig basin is located in the northern part of the Western Desert, Egypt. Geophysical investigation in the form of thirty (3D) seismic lines and well logging data of five wells have been analyzed in the oil field BED-1 that is located in the northwestern part of Abu El Gharadig basin in the Western Desert of Egypt. The reflection sections have been used to shed more light on the tectonic setting of Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous rocks. While the well logging data have been analyzed for delineating the petrophysical characteristics of the two main reservoirs, Bahariya and Kharita Formations. The constructed subsurface geologic cross sections, seismic sections, and the isochronous reflection maps indicate that the area is structurally controlled by tectonic trends affecting the current shape of Abu El Gharadig basin. Different types of faults are well represented in the area, particularly normal one. The analysis of the average and interval velocities versus depth has shown their effect by facies changes and/or fluid content. On the other hand, the derived petrophysical parameters of Bahariya and Kharita Formations vary from well to another and they have been affected by the gas effect and/or the presence of organic matter, complex lithology, clay content of dispersed habitat, and the pore volume

Prenatal diagnosis of a rare case of iniencephaly apertus

Iniencephaly is a rare neural tube defect that was firstly reported by Saint-Hilaire in 1836. Its incidence ranges from 0.1 to 10 in 10,000 deliveries with higher incidence in females. The most common features present iniencephaly are bifida at the cervical region, defect in the occipital bone and retroflexion of the head on the cervical spine. Here we report a case of a 24 years old second gravida with a history of consanguinity. She presented with a malformed fetus at 22 weeks gestation diagnosed by detailed ultrasonographic anatomy scan as iniencephaly apparatus. Termination of pregnancy was performed vaginally through medical induction by prostaglandins

Factors Influencing Public Attitudes towards COVID-19 Vaccination: A Scoping Review Informed by the Socio-Ecological Model

Major hindrances to getting a COVID-19 vaccine include vaccine hesitancy, skepticism, refusal, and anti-vaccine movements. Several studies have been conducted on attitudes of the public towards COVID-19 vaccines and the potential influencing factors. The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize the data available on the various factors influencing public attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. This scoping review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Statement. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central were searched without restrictions to reclaim all publications on the factors that shape individuals’ attitudes towards COVID19 vaccines from 1 January 2020 to 15 February 2021. Fifty studies were included. The scoping review revealed that the factors influencing public attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines were embedded within the different levels of the socio-ecological model. These factors included the sociodemographic characteristics of the individuals, individual factors, social and organizational factors. In addition, certain characteristics of COVID-19 vaccines themselves influenced public attitudes towards accepting the vaccines. Understanding various population needs and the factors shaping public attitudes towards the vaccines would support planning for evidence-based multilevel interventions in order to enhance global vaccine uptake

Electro-Optic Plasmonic Modulator with Direct Coupling to Silicon Waveguides

A novel plasmonic Mach-Zehnder interferometer is proposed with a nonlinear polymer. Orthogonal junction coupling between silicon and plasmonic waveguides is exploited to omit the need for tapers, and in turn, reduce the footprint. An extinction ratio of about 16 dB is produced at a voltage-length product of 47 V ?m. An insertion loss of 3.38 dB is achieved including the coupling to and from the silicon access waveguide. The orthogonal coupling provides wideband operation, high efficiency, low loss, and compact size for our design. - 2009-2012 IEEE.This report was made possible by a NPRP award [NPRP 7-456-1-085] from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of The Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.Scopu

Plasmonic Modulator Based on Fano Resonance

The field of plasmonics is continuously attracting research in the area of integrated photonics development, to highly integrate photonic components, devices and detectors in a single photonic chip, just as electronic chips containing many electronic components. The interesting properties that plasmonics offer include the electromagnetic fields enhancement and the confinement of the propagating surface plasmon polaritons to sub-100 nm size features at metal dielectric interfaces. Thereby, the field of plasmonics is very promising for minimizing the photonic components to smaller sizes that cannot be experienced using conventional optics and in particular the Silicon photonics industry. Many applications based on plasmonics are being increasingly developed and studied such as electromagnetic field enhancement for surface enhanced spectroscopy, wave guiding, sensing, modulation, switching, and photovoltaic applications. We hereby propose a novel compact plasmonic resonator that can be utilized for different applications that depend on optical resonance phenomena in the Near Infrared spectral range, a very interesting range for a variety of applications, including sensing and modulation. The resonator structure consists of a gold layer which is etched to form a metal-insulator-metal wave guide and a rectangular cavity. The rectangular cavity and the wave guide are initially treated as a dielectric material. The strong reflectivity of gold at frequencies higher than the plasma frequency is the origin of the Fabry Perot resonator behavior of the rectangular cavity. The fano resonance was produced successfully and controlled by varying the rectangular cavity dimensions. The fano profile is generated in as the result of the redistribution of the electromagnetic field in the rectangular cavity as depicted by the plasmonic mode distribution in the resonator. The fano resonance is characterized by its sharp spectral line which attracts applications requiring sharp spectral line shapes such as sensing and modulation applications. Optical modulators are key components in the modern communication technology. The research trend on optical modulators aims at achieving compact designs, low power consumption and large bandwidth operation. Plasmonic modulators emerge as promising devices since they can have high modulation speeds and very compact designs. The operation mechanism of our introduced plasmonic modulator is as follows: instead of a constant refractive index dielectric, an electro-optic polymer that has its refractive index is dependent on some controlled phenomena, is filled in the metal insulator metal waveguide and the rectangular cavity. Efficient modulation was achieved by changing the applied voltage (DC Signal) on the metal contacts which then changes the refractive index of the polymer, thereby shifting the resonant wavelength position in the resonator, leading to signal modulation. Our modulator is operational at the telecom wavelength 1.55 ?m, thereby suitable for the modern communication technology. Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations were conducted to design the modulator structure and run the simulations experiments, and to study the resonance effects of the structure and optimize its response to the desired results, the most important results however are the efficient modulation of the optical energy at the wavelengths required in the modern communication technology, around 1.5 ?m, all results were carried on using the commercially available Lumerical FDTD software.qscienc

Hybrid electro-optic plasmonic modulators based on directional coupler switches

By breaking the diffraction limit, plasmonics enable the miniaturization of integrated optical signal processing units in a platform compatible with traditional CMOS technology. In such architectures, modulators and switches are essential elements for fast and low-power optical signal processing. This work presents the design of a CMOS-compatible hybrid plasmonic modulator based on directional couplers enhanced with a layer of electro-optic polymer. The modulator shows very broad operating window with low crosstalk values and very small footprint with respect to similar couplers and switches of the silicon photonics platform.This report was made possible by a NPRP award [NPRP 7-456-1-085] from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of The Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.Scopu

The Antibiotic resistance profiles of bacterial strains isolated from inpatients and outpatients from five hospitals in Egypt

Background:Multidrug resistance (MDR) of pathogens has become a serious threat for modern human health care. The strategy for the control of antimicrobial resistance lies mainly in the implementation of effective infection control measures and antibiotic auditing.For these measures, it is important to have data on the identification and resistance patterns of clinical bacteria, and to know the magnitude of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals compared with that in the community.Objectives:Evaluation of antibiotic resistance profiles of bacterial strains from inpatients and outpatients. Materials and methods:A total of 417 isolates were obtained from inpatients and outpatients referring to five different hospital laboratories over a one-year period (2010 and 2011). Antibiotic sensitivity and MIC(minimum inhibitory concentration)were determined according to CLSI guidelines.Patient’s data was recorded.Tests for the detection of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms such as β-lactamase production, extended spectrum β-Lactamase and inducible Clindamycin resistance were performed.Results:The ratio of gram negative to gram positive bacteria was 3:1,35.5% were from inpatients and 64.5% were from outpatients.The most prevalent microorganism was Escherichia coli (25.9%) followed by Citrobacter species (19.2%),Staphalococcus aureus (14.6%) , Klebsiella species (9.4%),CON species (8.9%) and Enterobacter species (8.6%).Antibiotic susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae isolates from inpatients and outpatients showed that the highest rates of resistance were to Ampicillin (94.4%,93.7%), followed by Ampicillin/sulbactam (84.3%,70.1%) respectively. High susceptibility to imepenem ,meropenem and amikacin was observed for isolates from both inpatients and outpatients.Enterobacteriaceae isolates from inpatients and outpatients showed 89.9% and 77.6% resistance through β-Lactamase production respectively. 71.3% from the Enterobacteriaceae isolates from inpatients were ESBL positive while 52% from the outpatients were ESBL positive.Conclusion: Our data suggest that antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli is common and significant in Cairo. Antibiotic-resistant ESBL producing bacteria make up more than half the isolated Gram negative bacilli