8 research outputs found
Manual removal versus spontaneous delivery of the placenta at caesarean section: a randomized controlled trial
Background: Cesarean section (CS) is a life-saving surgery when certain complications occur during pregnancy and childbirth. The method of placental removing is one such procedure that can affect outcomes of cesarean delivery, such as the amount of bleeding during intraoperative and postoperative, the time of operation, the occurrence of postoperative endometritis, and may contribute to an increase or decrease in the incidence of CS. The objective of the study was to compare the manual removal of the placenta and spontaneous placental delivery at caesarean section.Methods: One hundred twenty sex consented to participate and divided randomly into two groups: Group A: included 63 pregnant women underwent elective caesarean section, the placental left in situ and the uterus massaged waiting spontaneous placental separation and Group B: included 63 pregnant women underwent elective caesarean section in which placenta was removed manually.Results: We found that women who had manual removal of the placenta lost significantly more blood than those who had spontaneous separation. A significant drop in hemoglobin was observed in manual separation group compared to spontaneous separation group. The median duration of placental delivery was shorter in manual separated group than spontaneously separated group. There was a statistically significant difference between both groups was found as regard the need for blood transfusion. There was a statistically significantly longer hospital stay with manual delivery of the placenta.Conclusions: Spontaneous separation of the placenta during cesarean section is more beneficial than manual separation
The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance
INTRODUCTION
Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic.
RATIONALE
We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs).
RESULTS
Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants.
CONCLUSION
Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century
Bioremediation of the textile waste effluent by Chlorella vulgaris
AbstractThe microalgae biomass production from textile waste effluent is a possible solution for the environmental impact generated by the effluent discharge into water sources. The potential application of Chlorella vulgaris for bioremediation of textile waste effluent (WE) was investigated using 22 Central Composite Design (CCD). This work addresses the adaptation of the microalgae C. vulgaris in textile waste effluent (WE) and the study of the best dilution of the WE for maximum biomass production and for the removal of colour and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) by this microalga. The cultivation of C. vulgaris, presented maximum cellular concentrations Cmax and maximum specific growth rates μmax in the wastewater concentration of 5.0% and 17.5%, respectively. The highest colour and COD removals occurred with 17.5% of textile waste effluent. The results of C. vulgaris culture in the textile waste effluent demonstrated the possibility of using this microalga for the colour and COD removal and for biomass production. There was a significant negative relationship between textile waste effluent concentration and Cmax at 0.05 level of significance. However, sodium bicarbonate concentration did not significantly influence the responses of Cmax and the removal of colour and COD
Robotic Surgery in Gynecology Critical Review
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) can be considered as the best surgical innovation in the course of recent years. It changed surgical practice with all well demonstrated benefits over conventional open a surgical procedure: reduced surgical trauma and incision related complications, like surgical site infections, postoperative pain, hernia, decreased hospital stay, and improved surgical outcome. Regardless, capability in MIS can be technically challenging as conventional laparoscopy is related with several constraints as the two-dimensional (2D) screen decrease in-depth perception, camera instability, restricted scope of movement, and steep learning curves.The surgeon has a low force feedback, which permits straightforward motions, respect for tissues, and more effective treatment of complications. Since the 1980s, many PC sciences and robotic projects have been set up to beat the challenges experienced with regular laparoscopy, to increase the surgeon's abilities, accomplish exactness and increased accuracy during conventional laparoscopy, and work with widespread of MIS. Surgical instruments are coordinated by haptic interfaces that replicate and filter hand movements. Robotically assisted technology offers benefits that incorporate worked on three-dimensional stereoscopic vision, wristed instruments that further develop ability, and tremor cancelling software that improves surgical precision
3D Bioprinting for Tissue Engineering Application Review
Three-dimensional (3D) printing (rapid prototyping or additive fabricating innovations) has gotten significant consideration in different fields in the course of recent many years. Tissue engineering uses of 3D bioprinting, specifically, have attracted the attention of numerous researchers. 3D platforms delivered by the 3D bioprinting of biomaterials (bio-inks) empower the recovery and rebuilding of different tissues and organs. These 3D bioprinting methods are helpful for creating platforms for biomedical and regenerative medication and tissue engineering applications, allowing quick production with high-accuracy and control over size, porosity, and shape. In this review, we present an assortment of tissue designing applications to make bones, vascular, skin, ligament, and neural structures utilizing an assortment of 3D bioprinting strategies
Digital Health During COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and opportunities Review
Corona virus pandemic caused an enormous effect on medical care, public activity, and economies on a worldwide scale. Clearly, technology has a vital role to empower omnipresent and available digital health services in pandemic conditions just as against “reappearance” of COVID-19 disease in a post-pandemic period. Likewise, 5G systems and 5G-empowered e-health arrangements are principal. This paper features philosophies to adequately use 5G for e-health use cases and its job to empower significant digital healthcare services. It's anything but a comprehensive conversation of the implementation issues, potential cures and future research bearings for 5G to lighten the health challenges related to COVID-19
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Thiazolyl-Ethylidene Hydrazino-Thiazole Derivatives: A Novel Heterocyclic System
The reaction of 2-(1-(2-(2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide with a range of hydrazonoyl chlorides and α-halo-compounds yielded three new series of thiazole derivatives. Chemical and physical techniques were used to analyze all newly prepared derivatives (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR and mass spectrometry). The potential antimicrobial and anticancer properties of the synthesized derivatives were investigated using various in vitro biological experiments. Most of the thiazole compounds tested were effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, a minimum inhibition concentration was determined for the antibiotic properties of the most active produced substances. The cytotoxic activities were tested on HepG-2 (liver carcinoma), HCT-116 (colorectal carcinoma) and MDA-MB-231 (breast carcinoma) cell lines in comparison with cisplatin reference drug and using colorimetric MTT assay. The results detected that compound 10c was the most potent against the three tested cell lines. Interestingly, when the tested compounds were evaluated for their toxicity against normal (MRC-5) cells, they exhibited low toxic effects indicating the safe use of most of them that may require further in vivo and pharmacological studies
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study
Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling.
Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty.
Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year.
Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population