The needs of traumatic brain injury survivors' caregivers and the implication required during the COVID-19 pandemic: Public health issues

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors require attention and dependence from their primary caregiver. This is because TBI is a defect that affects both the psychological and physical functions of the victim. Caregivers play an essential role in providing the adequate care victims need to adjust to the new problems they may experience due to their condition, as family members alone may not be able to provide for their needs. In particular, TBI caregivers may face specific challenges when assisting their patients in handling unexpected changes to their daily routines. Therefore, this quantitative study aims to explore the needs of caregivers, their coping mechanisms towards stressful and traumatic circumstances, and how they provide care to their loved ones during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design and Methods: It was conducted with ten caregivers of individuals suffering from traumatic brain injury, that were selected using a theoretical sampling method. Data were obtained using a semi-structured interview guide, which helped the caregivers provide their responses. Meanwhile, data analysis was performed using the NVIVO analysis software.Results: The results showed that there were, three significant themes namely, (a) Support needed, (b) the information need for care, and (c) developing self-resilience. The results also showed that caregivers really need support from the various parties, and the participants lack information on specific care techniques for the severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors.Conclusion: In conclusion, caregivers require approval and seek more useful information to provide excellent care to their loved ones. Being aware of the caregiver's needs would enable them to offer improved customized care

Relationship between the industry specialist auditors and financial reporting timeliness under MFRS

This paper aims to identify the association between financial reporting timeliness and the presence of industry specialist auditors. The auditor’s report lag (ARL) is used as a proxy for the financial reporting timeliness. The association between the two factors was examined through the resource dependence theory. Data comprise the 2012 annual reports of 796 Malaysian public listed companies and 342 of these companies had fully complied with the Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS). From the results noted, it appears that financial reporting timeliness can be improved through the engagement of industry specialist auditors. This outcome contributes to the existing literature in auditing by enlarging the empirical evidence that was assessed with four different methods

KONFLIK DAN INTEGRASI (STUDI TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN BUDAYA DAN KEARIFAN LOKAL DI KECAMATAN LEMPUING DAN LEMPUING JAYA)

Studi Konflik dan Integrasi (Studi tentang Pengembangan Budaya dan Kearifan Lokal di Kecamatan Lempuing dan Lempuing Jaya) adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif analitis menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis, pendekatan historis dan pendekatan etnologis. Beberapa konsep yang dapat direkam adalah "pumpungan / pompong balong" (konsep komunitas Sungai Pinang Ogan Ilir), berasal dari kata "tampung", kumpulan sumbangan masyarakat, Sakai (konsep komunitas Komering) yang berarti hutang, Saoh (konsep komunitas Sukaraja) yang berarti dukungan, hutangan, enjukan merupakan konsep komunitas OI Sri Bandung dan "behantat" pengiriman kepada masyarakat Sriguna. Konsep-konsep tersebut telah dilembagakan ke dalam perilaku sosial, yang merupakan norma yang kuat dalam mengatur kerja sama antar warga. Semua kearifan lokal dipahami, diterapkan, diajarkan dan diwariskan dari generasi ke generasi sehingga tercipta satu set pola sikap dalam kehidupan sehari-hari umat manusia, di antara mereka dan menuju alam dan penciptanya. Katakunci: Lempuing, Lempuing Jaya, kearifan lokalThe Study of Conflict and Integration (Study on Cultural Development and Local Wisdom in Lempuing and Lempuing Jaya Subdistricts) is a qualitative research with analytical descriptive research type using Sociological Approach, Historical Approach and Ethnological Approach. Some concepts that can be recorded are "pumpungan / pompong balong" (the concept of the community of Sungai Pinang Ogan Ilir), derived from the word "tampung", the collection of community donations, Sakai (the concept of Komering community) which means debt, Saoh (the concept of Sukaraja community ) which means support, hutangan, enjukan the concept of Sri Bandung community OI and "behantat" delivery to the community Sriguna. The concepts have been institutionalized into social behavior, which is a solid norm in regulating cooperation among citizens. All local wisdom is understood, applied, taught and passed down from generation to generation so as to create a set of attitudinal patterns in the daily life of mankind, between them and towards nature and its creator. Keywords: Lempuing, Lempuing Jaya, local wisdo

Load allocation model for scheduling divisible data grid applications.

Problem statement: In many data grid applications, data can be decomposed into multiple independent sub-datasets and distributed for parallel execution and analysis. Approach: This property had been successfully employed by using Divisible Load Theory (DLT), which had been proved as a powerful tool for modeling divisible load problems in data-intensive grid. Results: There were some scheduling models had been studied but no optimal solution has been reached due to the heterogeneity of the grids. This study proposed a new optimal load allocation based on DLT model recursive numerical closed form solutions are derived to find the optimal workload assigned to the processing nodes. Conclusion/Recommendations: Experimental results showed that the proposed model obtained better solution than other models (almost optimal) in terms of Makespan

Optimal workload allocation model for scheduling divisible data grid applications

In many data grid applications, data can be decomposed into multiple independent sub-datasets and distributed for parallel execution and analysis. This property has been successfully employed using Divisible Load Theory (DLT), which has been proved a powerful tool for modeling divisible load problems in data-intensive grids. There are some scheduling models that have been studied but no optimal solution has been reached due to the heterogeneity of the grids. This paper proposes a new model called the Iterative DLT (IDLT) for scheduling divisible data grid applications. Recursive numerical closed form solutions are derived to find the optimal workload assigned to the processing nodes. Experimental results show that the proposed IDLT model leads to a better solution than other models (almost optimal) in terms of makespan

A framework for an application based mobile cache consistency method.

In a mobile environment, maintaining cache consistency is challenging. Applying one type of consistency levels either strict or weak is not suitable all the time, as the consistency requirements mainly depend on the mobile application system and differ from one to another. Also forcing the mobile client to use its cache data for the purpose of reading only limits the functionality of the caching. The stateful scheme Multi-level Mobile Cache Consistency Protocol that works in client-server architecture supports different levels of consistency. The Mobile client is able to issue updates transactions, and determine the consistency requirements upon its interest. Based on the Multi-Level Mobile Cache Consistency Protocol this paper presents a framework of stateful strategy; Application Based Multi-level Mobile Cache Consistency Method (ABMMCCM) that preserves the advantages of multi-level mobile cache consistency protocol and enhances its drawbacks. In ABMMCCM the consistency requirements are designed at the server side based on the application requirements, and each data item has a single consistency requirement entry. The proposed framework is initially compared to Multi-level Mobile Cache Consistency Protocol, and it appears that ABMMCCM reduces the number of messages transfer between the base server and the mobile client, which helps in better utilizing the wireless network, and reduces the overhead from the mobile client and the base server

ABMMCCS: Application based multi-level mobile cache consistency scheme

Maintaining cache consistency in mobile computing system is a critical issue due to the inheritance limitations in mobile environment such as limited network bandwidth and mobile device energy power.Most of the existing schemes maintaining mobile cache consistency support only one level of consistency that is either strict or weak which is not suitable all the time, as various mobile applications systems have different consistency requirements on their data.Also majority of the schemes restrict the using of cached data for reading only which is limits the functionality of the caching system.In this paper, a new scheme is proposed to maintain the mobile cache consistency in a single cell wireless network called Application Based Multi-Level Mobile Cache Consistency Scheme (ABMMCCS).The main idea in ABMMCCS is to be suitable to various real mobile application systems, by supporting multiple levels of consistency based on the application requirements, while savingthe mobile client energy power and reducing the consumption of the network bandwidth.The initial evaluation results show that, ABMMCCM reduces the number of uplink messages issued from the mobile client, which is assist in saving the mobile client energy and better utilizing the limited network bandwidth

Statistical fixed range multiple selection algorithm for peer-to-peer system

In this research, a new multiple selection algorithm, which is known as "statistical fixed range multiple selection algorithm" is proposed. This algorithm is developed based on the statistical knowledge about the uniform distribution nature of the data which has been arranged in ascending order in the local file. A global file with n keys is distributed evenly among p peers in the peer-to-peer network. The selection algorithm can performs multiple selections concurrently to find multiple target keys with different predefined target ranks. The algorithm uses a fixed filter range approach that has been defined before the process begin, in which the algorithm is able to make sure that the target key is within the specified filter range in each local file. The range is made smaller and smaller as the selection process iterates until all target keys are found. The algorithm is able to reduce the number of rounds needed and increase the success rate of all multiple selections in the selection process compared to the previous multiple selection algorithms proposed by Loo in 2005

Static range multiple selection algorithm for peer-to-peer system

In this research, a new multiple selection algorithm, which is known as "static range statistical multiple selection algorithm" is proposed. This algorithm is developed based on the statistical knowledge about the uniform distribution nature of the data which has been arranged according to certain order in the file. A global file with n keys is distributed evenly among n peers in the peer-to-peer network. The selection algorithm can performs multiple selections concurrently to find multiple target keys with different predefined target ranks. The algorithm uses a fixed filter approach in which the algorithm is able to make sure that the target key is within certain filter range in each local file. The range is made smaller and smaller as the selection process iterates until all target keys are found. The algorithm is able to reduce the number of messages needed and increases the success rate of all multiple selections in the selection process compared to the previous multiple selection algorithms proposed by Loo in 2005

User interestingness for pre-fetching in mobile environment

In mobile environment, pre-fetching is used to prevent network congestion, delays and latency problems during disconnection. Lately, the pre-fetching strategies become more complicated in which to support new types of application especially in wireless environments. Due to this complication, new method is introduced where it requires data mining technique to improve the pre-fetching process. Previously, the pre-fetched data item is filtered using an data driven measurement for data interestingness and the data generated are based on the structure of a query pattern and quantified using statistical methods. The measurement is not good enough to solve the rule quality problems as in predicting next query in mobile environment. In this paper, a new measurement method is proposed to generate new criterion of pre-fetched data items before sending to mobile users. This method is improved by introducing user driven measurement for user interestingness where it will consider the subjectivity and the understandability of the users