Analysis of momentous fragmentary formants in Talaqi-like neoteric assessment of Quran recitation using MFCC miniature features of Quranic syllables

The use of technological speech recognition systems with a variety of approaches and techniques has grown rapidly in a variety of human-machine interaction applications. Further to this, a computerized assessment system to identify errors in reading the Qur’an can be developed to practice the advantages of technology that exist today. Based on Quranic syllable utterances, which contain Tajweed rules that generally consist of Makhraj (articulation process), Sifaat (letter features or pronunciation) and Harakat (pronunciation extension), this paper attempts to present the technological capabilities in realizing Quranic recitation assessment. The transformation of the digital signal of the Quranic voice with the identification of reading errors (based on the Law of Tajweed) is the main focus of this paper. This involves many stages in the process related to the representation of Quranic syllable-based Recitation Speech Signal (QRSS), feature extraction, non-phonetic transcription Quranic Recitation Acoustic Model (QRAM), and threshold classification processes. MFCC-Formants are used in a miniature state that are hybridized with three bands in representing QRSS combined vowels and consonants. A human-guided threshold classification approach is used to assess recitation based on Quranic syllables and threshold classification performance for the low, medium, and high band groups with performances of 87.27%, 86.86%and 86.33%, respectively

Gradual color clustering elimination for outdoor image segmentation

One of the color reduction methods is color clustering, which has been applied for segmentation. Nonetheless, it has not been an appropriate method due to the automatically images change by luminance effects and color/texture variety. Hence, it can be done by improving the usual color clustering methods called customizing segmentation methods. This study focuses on customizing the color clustering methods for segmentation and object recognition in the outdoor images by utilizing a multi - phase procedure through a multi - resolution platform, based on self - organizing neural network, call ed gradual color Cluster Elimination (GCCE). The proposed method has been evaluated on outdoor images dataset namely BSDS and the results have been compared to PRI, NPR, and GCE statistical metrics of the latest segmentation methods which demonstrated that the proposed method has a satisfactory performance for the segmentation of the outdoor scenes

Population density of elaeidobius kamerunicus faust and abiotic factors effect within anthesising inflorescences of Malaysian oil palm

Elaeidobius kamerunicus is an important pollinator in Malaysian oil palm cultivation. After four decades of introduction, there are still reports of low fruit set for oil palm planted on mineral and peat soil areas in Malaysia. A comprehensive report on the population density of the weevil within the anthesising days with regard to Malaysia's climate is still lacking. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the E. kamerunicus population density during anthesising days at both male and female inflorescence of oil palm by investigating the predominant soil affected with low fruit set, namely mineral and peat soil. The study was conducted from July 2022 to June 2023. At female inflorescence, the E. kamerunicus population was assessed by setting up a yellow sticky trap daily from 1st to 4th day of anthesis. On male inflorescence, the weevil population was assessed by counting the E. kamerunicus present on the spikelet from 1st to 5th day of anthesis. Correlation between abiotic factors and the E. kamerunicus population was analysed using statistical software. On the female inflorescence, anthesising day revealed a significant difference (P<0.01) in the weevil population density per inflorescence. Further analysis indicates no significant difference between the 1st and 2nd-day female anthesis in the E. kamerunicus population and the highest visitation on 1st day of anthesis. The abiotic factor did not influence the weevil population on peak anthesising days. The E. kamerunicus population density per spikelet and per inflorescence were significantly different (P<0.01) between anthesising days at male inflorescence. Further analysis between the 3rd-day anthesis and other days indicates significant differences, with the highest population congregation on the 3rd day. During peak population density on male inflorescence, the temperature depicted a significant, negative and weak relationship with the E. kamerunicus population. The female E. kamerunicus was observed highest at both inflorescences compared to the male E. kamerunicus. This study provides comprehensive evidence of higher population density of the weevil on a specific day of anthesis and can be used as a reference to monitor the E. kamerunicus pollination activity

Population density of Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust and abiotic factors effect within anthesising inflorescences of Malaysian oil palm

Elaeidobius kamerunicus is an important pollinator in Malaysian oil palm cultivation. After four decades of introduction, there are still reports of low fruit set for oil palm planted on mineral and peat soil areas in Malaysia. A comprehensive report on the population density of the weevil within the anthesising days with regard to Malaysia's climate is still lacking. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the E. kamerunicus population density during anthesising days at both male and female inflorescence of oil palm by investigating the predominant soil affected with low fruit set, namely mineral and peat soil. The study was conducted from July 2022 to June 2023. At female inflorescence, the E. kamerunicus population was assessed by setting up a yellow sticky trap daily from 1st to 4th day of anthesis. On male inflorescence, the weevil population was assessed by counting the E. kamerunicus present on the spikelet from 1st to 5th day of anthesis. Correlation between abiotic factors and the E. kamerunicus population was analysed using statistical software. On the female inflorescence, anthesising day revealed a significant difference (P<0.01) in the weevil population density per inflorescence. Further analysis indicates no significant difference between the 1st and 2nd-day female anthesis in the E. kamerunicus population and the highest visitation on 1st day of anthesis. The abiotic factor did not influence the weevil population on peak anthesising days. The E. kamerunicus population density per spikelet and per inflorescence were significantly different (P<0.01) between anthesising days at male inflorescence. Further analysis between the 3rd-day anthesis and other days indicates significant differences, with the highest population congregation on the 3rd day. During peak population density on male inflorescence, the temperature depicted a significant, negative and weak relationship with the E. kamerunicus population. The female E. kamerunicus was observed highest at both inflorescences compared to the male E. kamerunicus. This study provides comprehensive evidence of higher population density of the weevil on a specific day of anthesis and can be used as a reference to monitor the E. kamerunicus pollination activity

Rasch Measurement Analysis for Validation Instrument to Evaluate Students Technical Readiness for Embedded Systems

Embedded systems have become a significant manufacturing sector and essential in our life due to their large applications. As a result, higher education institutions acknowledge the significance for offering embedded system design course to electrical, electronics, and computer engineering students. Unfortunately, embedded systems design course continues to be challenging and complex despite current attempts in introducing new embedded system teaching methods. This paper deals with this issue by developing and validating an instrument to measure students' readiness to learn embedded systems using Rasch model. An expert panel was used to verify the content validity and a pilot study (N = 40 respondents) was performed to measure the instrument reliability. A total of 365 respondents from different universities completed the 10-item scale and provided demographic data. The scale dimensionality was evaluated using WINSTEPS 3.92.1, with results showed that all the items fit the Rasch measurement model with acceptable fit index (0.6-1.4) and expressed revealed good consistency, with reliability alpha of 1.00 and 0.72 for items and persons respectively. The instrument was found to have appropriate psychometric properties, and the overall results are well aligned with theoretical expectations. This work has shown that the students were not technically ready for embedded system study

Intermolecular Interaction of Carboxylic Group with Calcium Ions and Dissolution of Solid Scales in Bmim-PF6 and Tba-NfO Ionic Liquid Solution

Understanding the mechanism of solid scale dissolution at a molecular level is important to formulate a new chemical dissolver. A molecular dynamics simulation between glutamic acid diacetic acid (GLDA) with calcite was performed to understand the intermolecular interaction between the carboxylic groups with calcium ions (Ca) during the dissolution process at 90 °C. Two solid scales obtained from oil wells were characterised using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersing x-ray (EDX). The dissolutions test of the solid scales were conducted using two ionic liquids solutions; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (Bmim-PF6) and tetrabutylammonium nonafluorobutane sulfonate (Tba-NfO) to evaluate the ionic liquids for solid scales dissolution. Hydroxyls (-OH) in the carboxylic groups of GLDA have strong intermolecular interactions with Ca that plays a role in the chelation process. Two of the carboxylic groups close to amine have the strongest interactions with calcium ions in calcite. Characterisations result shows that the two solid scales are silica-based and barite based. Barite scales have kink-terrace-step crystal surface. Dissolutions test shows that both ionic liquids solutions can dissolve the silica solid scale up to 2700 ppm

Sequential classification for articulation and Co-articulation classes of Al-Quran syllables pronunciations based on GMM-MLLR

The overall study has been observed within the speech transformation of the Quranic recitation from the speech production to the measurable incorrectness of Al-Quran recitation pronunciations. The proposed methodology has used numerous techniques such as Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) features extraction, Gaussian Mix Model-Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression (GMM-MLLR) acoustic model, and sequences of model-based classification. Technically, the proposed acoustic hybrid features' properties of MFCC with derivatives MFCC (shift delta co-efficient (SDC) was fragmented into three-band frequency ranges. These are applied to the syllables of recitation speech which are represented with the combination of vowels and consonants characteristics. Each syllable is also classified based on the prolongation (Harakaat) types, syllables recitation rules (Tajweed) names, speech articulation (Makhraj) placement, and speech co-articulation (Makhraj sifaat) placement using three types of the conventional classifier which are Linear Discriminant (LD), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN). Consequently, each of the conventional classifiers is applied in the form of sequential classification. The overall performance of band 1 has produced the results as 34.75%, 44.68%, and 92.24% for LD, SVM, and KNN respectively

Rasch measurement analysis for validation instrument to evaluate students technical readiness for embedded systems

Embedded systems have become a significant manufacturing sector and essential in our life due to their large applications. As a result, higher education institutions acknowledge the significance for offering embedded system design course to electrical, electronics, and computer engineering students. Unfortunately, embedded systems design course continues to be challenging and complex despite current attempts in introducing new embedded system teaching methods. This paper deals with this issue by developing and validating an instrument to measure students' readiness to learn embedded systems using Rasch model. An expert panel was used to verify the content validity and a pilot study (N = 40 respondents) was performed to measure the instrument reliability. A total of 365 respondents from different universities completed the 10-item scale and provided demographic data. The scale dimensionality was evaluated using WINSTEPS 3.92.1, with results showed that all the items fit the Rasch measurement model with acceptable fit index (0.6-1.4) and expressed revealed good consistency, with reliability alpha of 1.00 and 0.72 for items and persons respectively. The instrument was found to have appropriate psychometric properties, and the overall results are well aligned with theoretical expectations. This work has shown that the students were not technically ready for embedded system study

A review on computer vision technology for monitoring poultry farm-application, hardware, and software

The productivity and profitability of poultry farming are crucial to support its affordability issues in food security. Criteria in productivity measurement, including Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) calculation, whereas economic management is essential for profitability. Hence, best management practices need to be implemented throughout the growth period for optimizing the poultry performance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of computer vision technology for poultry industry research. This review relies on the use of several online databases to identify key works in the area of computer vision in a poultry farm. We recommend our search by focusing on four keywords, 'computer vision' and 'poultry' or 'chicken' or 'broiler' that had been published between 2010 and early 2020 with open access provided by University Teknologi Malaysia only. All the selected papers were manually examined and sorted to determine their relevance to computer vision in a poultry farm. We focus on the latest developments by focusing on the hardware and software parts used to analyze the poultry data with some examples of various representative studies on poultry farming. Notably, hardware parts can be classified into camera types, lighting units and camera position, whereas software parts can be categorized into data acquisition and analysis software types as well as data processing and analysis methods that can be implemented into the software types. This paper concludes by highlighting the future works and key challenges that needed to be addressed to assure the quality of this technology prior to the successful implementation of the poultry industry