Use of GIS and RS Combined with Artificial Intelligence Plate for Detecting and Analyzing of Aquatic Heavy Metals Threats for Environmental Sustainability of Green Ports

With the technological development globally, Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing (GIS) & RS has been used and reformed in providing reliable and useful data in the field of environmental studies advancement. There has been needed for GIS and RS in terms of biological and chemical elements in the aquatic environments to assess the concentration of trace metals in the tissue of aquatic species around the world. However, there is still inadequate information and exploration on the subject matter which calls for the use of artificial intelligence plates in acquiring data. There is a need for the use of the invented plate in green port sustainability in order to save time, money, life, less labour and availability of more multiple accurate data information that will have improved sustainability. The primary aim of this concept paper focused on using GIS & RS combined with artificial intelligence plate in Green port environmental sustainability to monitor, acquire data and identify biological and chemical elements data online for analysis. This aim was achieved by the application of qualitative research, that is synthetic literature review. Through the review, we are able to find out that artificial intelligence plates will be useful. Therefore, it requests for innovation of an artificial intelligent plate that will detect, analyze and recommend the concentration of heavy metals and other anthropogenic elements in the water bodies and species tissues without necessarily involving laboratory processes. In conclusion, to provide a theory from fusing past and present circumstances in order to forecast the future for coastal areas, GIS & RS applications and artificial intelligence plates were suggested. This review gives instances of GIS applications' used in the stages of assessment, conservation, maintenance, sustainability, and protection of the environment of marine areas. This study suggests the use of a digital plate that can be used with GIS & RS in monitoring, spatiotemporal distribution and identifying the concentration of biological and chemical elements in the environmental sustainability of port institutions and industrial organizations

Development of integrative governance framework for stakeholder management in marine space administration

In Malaysia, marine spaces are not managed by single public institution but involving several stakeholders. As a result, this will create complex, uncertain, conflicting, and overlapping scope of work. This study aims to develop a Marine Space Stakeholder Governance (MSSG) framework based on real Malaysian Marine Space Stakeholder Issues (MSSI). The study employs qualitative and quantitative approach using Grounded Theory method with focus group technique (GT-fg). This is followed by benchmarking, Fuzzy Delphi technique and finally, face-to-face interview for validation. GT-fg data were gathered through semi-structured interviews in groups incorporating the critical incidences technique. The study found out new issues in stakeholder management in Malaysia including power distance, bureaucracy, and organisation structure. Furthermore, the common issues such as identifying and engaging the stakeholders and data management are also derived from the GT-fg output. Then, a benchmarking study were conducted to the Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) to develop the Malaysian MSSG framework. This study involves 23 expert panels from various fields related to marine space governance to evaluate the framework using Fuzzy Delphi technique. The results show consensual agreement (d = 77.17%) among the experts in terms of the selected nine elements of the framework. Each item reached an agreement with the value (Amax) exceeding 0.60 defuzzification values. Only one item from the custodian element (The Prime Minister's Department should be the lead agency) where Amax = 0.32 is not acceptable. Finally, face-to-face interviews were used to assess the acceptance of the framework from the marine space stakeholders. All interviewees agreed that the framework is vital to support the Malaysian MSSG strategic implementation and policy execution. These findings could become a foundation for the establishment of National Marine Planning Council. The results of this study could contribute to the development of MSSG framework, taking into account the new MSSI

Towards the development of a framework for sustainable marine space governance: a proposal for collaborative design approach

Malaysia is surrounded by ocean, approximately, 515,000 square kilometers covered by maritime realm and 4,576 km in length by coastline. The country has terrestrial borders with Thailand, Brunei Darussalam and Indonesia and has maritime borders with Thailand, Brunei Darussalam, Singapore, Indonesia, Vietnam and the Philippines. In addition Malaysia has many institutions for managing the marine environment. Hence the development of the institution and the scope still has some ambiguity, conflict and overlapping marine because organizations exist on the basis of a resolution of the Parliament. While on the physical condition, especially in the marine environment is difficult to determine the resolution authority area to an area of true governance. This paper addresses the need on collaborative design approach that fits into Malaysian marine space governance scenario, in particular with respect to stakeholder management. This paper first reviews several international collaborative designs. An exemplary model of collaborative has been developed, which constitutes the key factors that determine the success of collaborative implementation. This model is pending for experimentation to examine its effectiveness on Malaysia marine space governance

Comparison of Gravity Anomalies from Recent Global Geopotential Models with Terrestrial Gravity and Airborne Gravity over Johor Region

Gravity anomalies can yield an indirect but extremely useful picture of lateral changes in rock composition and structural patterns especially for rapid development area such as Johor region. The gravity anomalies can be derived from Global Geopotential Model (GGM) which is one of special product from the satellite technology that able to determine high accuracy of the earth's gravity field. In this study, the gravity anomalies derived from recent GGM published by International Global Geopotential Model were compared with five other GGMs model that compromised either terrestrial or airborne or both to derive the gravity anomalies.  In order to identify the best gravity model over the Johor region, two types of GGM class model has been selected for the comparisons which known as satellite only and combined class model.  The result shows that the gravity anomalies de-rived from satellite only class model with up 300 spherical harmonic coefficients is the best fit model and can be used as a reference for the Johor region. The RSME for the recent GGM via satellite only were +/- 5.865 and +/- 3.347 mGal for terrestrial and airborne gravity anomalies respectively compared to other GGM

Systematic Literature Review of Role of Applied Geomatics in Mapping and Tracking Corona Virus

This review paper focuses on the Role of Applied Geomatics in Mapping of dispersion Corona Virus and sheds the light on the important studies on the topic. It also sheds the light on the tracking Corona Virus literature. This review paper also sheds the light on the definition, conceptualization, and measurement of corona virus mapping and tracking. This review paper has also showed a number of studies that linked the relationship between applied geomatics and the mapping and tracking corona virus. Authors explores the literature about applied geomatics, mapping and tracking from 2009 to end 2019 in order to investigate how these two geomatics techniques were born, how they have developed, which are the shared features and how it play an important role in corona virus the novel pandemic. This systematic review of current literature on applied geomatics and corona virus and provides insight into the initial and proposed framework of integrating geomatics to track and map the corona virus

Sustainable Conservation Management System for The Critically Endangered Betta Persephone in Ayer Hitam Peat Swamp Forest Reserve Muar Johor

In recent years, there has been a lot of interest in protecting and conserving wildlife on a wide range of scales. Betta Persephone’s habitat life may be affected by urbanization in Ayer Hitam Peat Swamp Forest Reserve (AHPSFR). This species is endangered due to the widespread conversion of peat swamp forests to industrial forestry and monoculture plant. The evaluation of fish habitat always has been a research priority for individuals in the domains of environmental protection and sustainable development, to improve habitat conservation. Results of the study through sample water collection shows the result of pH water. Based on these environmental factors, the factors that under dry leaves and branches and blackwater are the main factors that affect Betta Persephone choose AHPSFR as its own natural habitat. The satellite data and to analyze the catchment area results and construct the maps. U.S Geological System (USGS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) used to generate the maps. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system that analyses and displays information that is geographically referenced. This study is carried out to predict the hydrologic analyze of the study area. The location of Betta is at one of the small sub catchments at the study area. The sub catchment that are found of the habitat are at the nearly the low stream links and at the watershed area that are found using the software

Sustainable Conservation Management System for The Critically Endangered Betta Persephone in Ayer Hitam Peat Swamp Forest Reserve Muar Johor

In recent years, there has been a lot of interest in protecting and conserving wildlife on a wide range of scales. Betta Persephone’s habitat life may be affected by urbanization in Ayer Hitam Peat Swamp Forest Reserve (AHPSFR). This species is endangered due to the widespread conversion of peat swamp forests to industrial forestry and monoculture plant. The evaluation of fish habitat always has been a research priority for individuals in the domains of environmental protection and sustainable development, to improve habitat conservation. Results of the study through sample water collection shows the result of pH water. Based on these environmental factors, the factors that under dry leaves and branches and blackwater are the main factors that affect Betta Persephone choose AHPSFR as its own natural habitat. The satellite data and to analyze the catchment area results and construct the maps. U.S Geological System (USGS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) used to generate the maps. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system that analyses and displays information that is geographically referenced. This study is carried out to predict the hydrologic analyze of the study area. The location of Betta is at one of the small sub catchments at the study area. The sub catchment that are found of the habitat are at the nearly the low stream links and at the watershed area that are found using the software

A framework of institutional analysis toward an effective inter-state border delimitation and demarcation in Peninsular Malaysia

The determination of the inter-state border in Peninsular Malaysia is done through the process of allocation, delimitation, demarcation, and documentation. This process was organized by the Joint Boundary Committee (JBC) with the involvement of several agencies from the state and federal governments, coordinated by the Ministry, starting in 1993. This study analyzes the interaction of JBCs in decision-making and the effectiveness of rules-in-use of JBC formation. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, participant observations, and document reviews and then analysed using the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework (IAD) based on content analysis. The rules-in-use in the establishment of the JBC include position rules, boundary rules, choice rules, aggregation rules, scope rules, information rules, and pay-off rules that cannot direct interaction effectively. For enhancement, a configuration of seven types of rules can be used because the analysis results show that seven types of rules have found significant weaknesses in establishing existing JBCs. Therefore, the implementation of the IAD will effectively coordinate the management and administration of the JBC in making decisions to expedite the inter-state border delimitation and demarcation in Peninsular Malaysia in line with the 16th goal of the Sustainable Development Goals

Generating Water Quality Maps of Klang River Based on Geographic Information System (GIS) and Water Quality Index (WQI)

Water quality index (WQI) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) play a critical role in managing and modelling a variety of water resource issues, including urban drainage, point and non-point source pollution. Historically, the evaluation of water quality has been a domain reserved for experts, necessitating laborious and time-consuming in situ sampling and laboratory analysis. However, the integration of WQI and GIS has democratized this information, making it accessible to non-experts, thereby enhancing the comprehension of Klang River's water quality. The objective is to employ WQI and GIS to create comprehensive water quality maps. While WQI offers a straightforward numerical evaluation, the incorporation of graphical data provides a nuanced understanding of river pollution. Therefore, hourly WQI data observed at every week in 2 months from October to November 2021 over four stations (Kampung Medan, Kampung Lombong, Taman Pengkalan Batu and Jeti Sungai Udang) in Malaysia was acquired from the Selangor Maritime Gateway (SMG) website and the Malaysian National Water Quality Standard (NWQS). Adopting Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method, WQI parameters at unsampled locations were estimated based on values of nearby sampled points. Database was built to depict the water quality of the Klang River, particularly during the two-month monitoring. Mapping provides a clear indication of the river's water quality. The WQI mapping outcome fall between class II and class IV. The findings indicate varying water quality classes along the Klang River, revealing potential pollution sources in industrial and development areas. It was concluded from the study that the water pollution may be due to its proximity to industrial and development regions

Assessment of Global Geopotential Models for Modelling Malaysia Marine Geoid

The evaluation towards global geopotential models represents a significant part in modelling the localised Marine Geoid. The marine geoid provides the vertical reference information in Marine Spatial Data Infrastructures (MSDI) development response to United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 14 for the sustainable development in marine environment. The main purpose of this study is to select the best model from both combined missions and satellite-only missions for the Malaysian region. The gravity anomaly field from 30 global models were exclusively calculated over the selected study area within 11 years period-time. Afterwards, each dataset was extracted from the ICGEM server to evaluate with the airborne-derived gravity anomaly from the Department of Surveying and Mapping, Malaysia. The internal accuracy, root mean square error (RMSE) and differences between every model and airborne data were computed. The result indicates GGM-derived gravity anomaly for the best combined mission is GECO with RMSE of 8.44 mGal and the standard deviation value of 28.034 mGal. While, the model from Gravity field and steady state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) namely, the GO_CONS_GCF_2_DIR_R5 is the best for the satellite-only mission with RMSE of 17.43 mGal and the standard deviation value of 22.828 mGal. As a conclusion, GECO model is preferred as the best fit for determining the marine geoid as it has the lowest RMSE value between both mission and the maximum degree of 2109o coverage. The finding can assist in development of marine geoid for modelling precise surface elevation