25 research outputs found
Using the Web in Machine Learning for Other-Anaphora Resolution
We present a machine learning framework for resolving other-anaphora. Besides morpho-syntactic, recency, and semantic features based on existing lexical knowledge resources, our algorithm obtains additional semantic knowledge from the Web. We search the Web via lexico-syntactic patterns that are specific to other-anaphors. Incorporating this innovative feature leads to an 11.4 percentage point improvement in the classifier's #-measure (25% improvement relative to results without this feature)
Production among the Duna : aspects of horticultural intensification in central New Guinea
The thesis opens with a description of Duna country and the
Duna people. Part One places country and people within the larger
contexts of central New Guinea (pre)history and ethnography. A
problem appears: to understand the ethnographic present as an instance
in a movement of history. A theoretical tension is suggested between
materialistic and idealistic/mentalistic approaches to the problem.
An ethnographic sequence from central New Guinea is investigated,
and conditions of production, reproduction, and transformation relevant
to the sequence are considered. The first part of the thesis offers
analogies between history and ethnography mediated by the notion of
the intensification of production. It is suggested that the
rationale for increased production may rest upon a symbolic displacement
whereby products of labour are seen by people as if equivalent
to humans themselves, for the purposes of social exchange. Part Two displays the factors and forces of production in the
ethnographic present of Duna country. "Ground", "homestead", and
"garden" are presented as the ethnographic correlates of the traditionally
recognized factors of production: land, labour, and capital. The
level of the forces of production is represented as the level of
surplus horticultural production, considered as production for the
maintenance of pigs. The question of the rationality of Duna pig
production is raised.
Part Three describes the social relations that Duna enter into
for production. It is proposed that production among the Duna is a
realization of an exploitative mode of relationship) between men and
women. An attempt is made to demonstrate this exploitation within a
system of joint labour and ownership, on the basis of time and energy
expenditure in production. It is concluded that women are exploited
of their time although apparently not of their energy. Time can be
falsely appropriated in part because consciousness of it is imperfect; a consequence of this exploitation is the reproduction of male
dominance in the structure of social relations.
The thesis concludes with an outline of Duna political and
religious institutions in their articulation with production. For
Duna, the maintenance of peace, the conduct of war, and the observance
of rituals all provide reasons for pig production, while at the same
time they depend upon existing relations of production for their continued
being. Within this circular rationality an opposition appears betv/een
the use-value of pigs for eating and their social exchange-value in
creating and maintaining the structure of male-biased relationships.
A concluding review of the Kiiria Pul u cult, the rituals for which are
absent within the ethnographic present, suggests that the future
movement of history among the Duna lay in the direction of elaboration
and regional co-ordination of male relations of dominance. These
developments could lead to a consolidation of sex-based relations of
exploitation and thereby to a further intensification of production,
but initially it seems that social transformation is realized primarily
within ritual rather than in actual political economy
Feminist genealogical methodologies
This paper describes the multi-methodological approach employed in a partial, situated, contingent and interpretive feminist political analysis of Catholic mothers and daughters. The study draws on a number of sources including transcripts of mother- daughter interviews, autobiographical anecdotes, photographs, music, icons of Catholicism and poetry. It is argued in this paper that a feminist multi-methodological approach is valuable to feminist research as it disrupts the linear and logocentric construct of traditional social science research. Moreover, a multi-methodological and multi-sourced approach opens up sites so that the mothers and daughters in this study could be positioned within specific histories and contexts, and provided with a space so that as women they could reconstruct themselves as self-referential subjects