Towards Linking Four Emerging Paradigms in Economic Theory—Regulationist, Institutionalist, Post-modernist, and Post-development

This paper is an epistemological attempt to synthesise four emerging paradigms in economic theory. These paradigms are the regulationist, the institutionalist, the post-modernist, and the post-development. Arguably, these are paradigms rather than models of behaviour because they each presents an analytical framework for examining different economic phenomena. We shall attempt to show that the four paradigms are useful, complementary, and can be symbiotically linked into a broader paradigm especially to examine the phenomenon of low growth in the region. If we use a modified Kuhnian (1970) model for paradigmatic shifts in a discipline, we can argue that there are three dominating, competing, normal paradigms in economic theory: neoclassical, Marxist, and development theory. In Kuhnian fashion, these three dominant paradigms are pressured by several crises of inability to explain phenomena. Many of these explanational crises are about Less Industrialised Countries (LICs), but increasingly these crises are also about the inability to explain change in the Industrialised Countries (ICs) and the Newly Industrialising Countries (NICs). One, these three paradigms have to explain the differential growth rates of economies. They have to explain the low growth of LICs relative to both the old NICs (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong) and the new NICs (Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and China). The collapse of the Soviet model also has to be explained. Two, these paradigms have to explain the coexistence of significant levels of poverty with affluence in the LIs, and NICs, and now emergent poverty in the ICs. Three, these paradigms also increasingly have to explain why in a country growth and distribution is biased in favour of particular ethnic and social groups, excluding others, fuelling ethnic and social conflicts within countries and across countries globally. Four, these paradigms have to establish whether the IC market-determined patterns of consumption demand can be satisfied globally.

A Macro Analysis of Time Change in the Distribution of Land

This study is an attempt to extend the analysis of change in the land distribution over time, to 1991. In an earlier study we have shown a strong tendency towards increasing concentration of operated area, between 1972 and 1980. This concentration was seen to be engendered by a dynamic associated with the High Yielding Variety (HYV) technology. This study attempts to examine whether the HYV dynamic has continued to increase concentration of area over the decade of the 80s. The recently concluded Agricultural Census of 1991, allows us to do this. Our major result is that concentration of operated area has increased further between 1980 and 1991. However, the long run nature of concentration found here, points to another possible explanation. The HYV dynamic may have been one initiating change in a series of price and technology changes, leading to continual change in factor use in the direction of concentration

A General Theoretical Framework for Analyzing Capital Accumulation in Agriculture

This paper presents a fremework for micro analysis of the conditions of agrarian accumulation at the farm level. Individual or group level accumulation is seen to result from the production environment given to the producers. The producers' micro environment is provided by the village, the region, the agrarian sector and the economy

Nexus of KSE-30 Index

The Financial development in Pakistan is mostly represented by Karachi stock exchange 100-Index with ignorance of Karachi stock exchange 30-Index which was established to represent financial development Indicator and economic growth indicator as well in Pakistan. So, this study will be investigate the relationship of financial development and economic growth in Pakistan by taking KSE-30 Index, KSE-All Share Index and KSE-100 Index for financial development in Pakistan. In this study time series data varying from 1992 to 2013 is investigated by different econometric tools i.e. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Johansen Cointegration method and Granger causality test. The results of these tools showed that a positive relationship exists between financial development and Economic growth of Pakistan both in long run and short run perspectives. The result also derived that there is bidirectional causality relationship between financial development and economic growth in Pakistan Keywords: Financial Development, Economic Growth, KSE 30-Inde

Directional Recrystallisation in Dispersion Strengthened Alloys

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D60821 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Exploiting peer group concept for adaptive and highly available services

This paper presents a prototype for redundant, highly available and fault tolerant peer to peer framework for data management. Peer to peer computing is gaining importance due to its flexible organization, lack of central authority, distribution of functionality to participating nodes and ability to utilize unused computational resources. Emergence of GRID computing has provided much needed infrastructure and administrative domain for peer to peer computing. The components of this framework exploit peer group concept to scope service and information search, arrange services and information in a coherent manner, provide selective redundancy and ensure availability in face of failure and high load conditions. A prototype system has been implemented using JXTA peer to peer technology and XML is used for service description and interfaces, allowing peers to communicate with services implemented in various platforms including web services and JINI services. It utilizes code mobility to achieve role interchange among services and ensure dynamic group membership. Security is ensured by using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to implement group level security policies for membership and service access.Comment: The Paper Consists of 5 pages, 6 figures submitted in Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics, 24-28 March 2003 La Jolla California. CHEP0

Farm Size and Productivity Revisited

The negative relationship between farm size and output per acre has been tested for Pakistan and it is concluded that the observed negative or positive correlations between land productivity and the farm size in the case of Pakistan are the result of over-aggregation. Land productivity curve is U-Shaped; the productivity is high on desperately small farms due to intensive labour and irrigation use and on largest farms due to capital-intensive inputs. The middle-level efficient entrepreneur farmer has so far failed to emerge

HistoSeg : Quick attention with multi-loss function for multi-structure segmentation in digital histology images

Medical image segmentation assists in computer-aided diagnosis, surgeries, and treatment. Digitize tissue slide images are used to analyze and segment glands, nuclei, and other biomarkers which are further used in computer-aided medical applications. To this end, many researchers developed different neural networks to perform segmentation on histological images, mostly these networks are based on encoder-decoder architecture and also utilize complex attention modules or transformers. However, these networks are less accurate to capture relevant local and global features with accurate boundary detection at multiple scales, therefore, we proposed an Encoder-Decoder Network, Quick Attention Module and a Multi Loss Function (combination of Binary Cross Entropy (BCE) Loss, Focal Loss & Dice Loss). We evaluate the generalization capability of our proposed network on two publicly available datasets for medical image segmentation MoNuSeg and GlaS and outperform the state-of-the-art networks with 1.99% improvement on the MoNuSeg dataset and 7.15% improvement on the GlaS dataset. Implementation Code is available at this link: https://bit.ly/HistoSegComment: Accepted by 2022 12th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Systems (ICPRS), For Implementation Code see https://bit.ly/HistoSe