The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background. A strong link between morbidity andmortality from COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus is reported by many studies. The present study estimated the pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19. Methods. International scientific databases were searched until 15 April 2020. There was no limitation in time and language of the published papers. Quality assessment of studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) checklist. The random effects model was used to report the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19 was 14% (95% CI: 11.17). Due to high heterogeneity (I2 of 93.4%, P < 0.001), three subgroups were analyzed based on study location, age and sex. The prevalence of diabetes (P) was higher among male patients (P = 16%, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.20), patients aged ≥ 65 years (P = 19%, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.31). The prevalence of diabetes was 15% (95% CI: 0.10, 0.20) among patients in Wuhan, China and 10% in patients in other cities in China (95% CI: 0.06, 0.15), and 39% in patients from other countries (95% CI: 0.04, 0.74). Conclusion. According to the results of this systematic review, the prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19 is higher in other countries compared to China. The prevalence of diabetes among COVID-19 patients was also significantly higher in men and elderlies. This evidence may be useful for health policymakers to design suitable preventive and therapeutic interventions in patients with diabetes and COVID-19

The Association Between Medical Factors During Pregnancy and Cesarean Section in Bandar Abbas-Prospective Cohort

Background & Objectives: Cesarean section rates have increased significantly over the past decade. This increase has not been clinically justified. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of medical factors on the type of delivery. Materials & Methods: This prospective cohort study was done on 200 pregnant mothers. The main exposure in this study was the medical reasons for cesarean section and the main outcome of cesarean delivery. The relative risk index was calculated using the Cox regression model. Results: Of the 196 pregnant women remained in the study, 40.31% had Cesarean section. Compared to non-medical factors, the risk of Cesarean section was higher (Relative Risk = 4.64) in mothers with medical factors. Also, the risk of elective Cesarean section was higher in mothers with medical factors (Relative Risk = 2.34). On the other hand, the risk of Cesarean section and elective Cesarean section was and higher in mothers with previous abortion (Relative Risk = 2.11) and hard labor (Relative Risk = 3.25), respectively. However, there was a significant relationship between maternal mental disorder during pregnancy and Cesarean section delivery (Relative Risk = 1.49). Conclusion: Based on these results, there is an association between medical factors and type of delivery. Therefore, maternal preventable or controllable medical problems during pregnancy requires more attention

Investigating The Relationship between the Consumption of Maternal Nutrition Supplements during Pregnancy and Anthropometric Indices in the Birth of a Newborn in Southern Iran (Case study: Bandar Abbas)

Background & Objectives: inappropriate diet and the lack of necessary nutrition receiving during pregnancy, effects on maternal and neonatal health. This study carried out to investigate the effect of maternal supplements during pregnancy on growth indices at birth. Material & Methods: This cohort study was carried out on part of Bandar Abbas Cohort study data. The main exposure in this study was the consumption of dietary supplements during pregnancy and the dependent variable was the growth indices of newborns. The adjusted relative risk index using a Modified Poisson Regression model was applied. All analysis were performed using the STATA software. Results: 196 of participants remained in the study. The age range of mothers was from 16 to 42 years old and the mean of that was 27.28 (± 5.62). 81, 84 and 149 of mothers had taken an iron supplement, multivitamins, and vitamin D irregularly respectively. 12.76%, 8.68%,18.88% of the newborns, had abnormal weight, height, and head circumference at birth respectively. The relative risk of low birth weight and consumption of multivitamin 2.65 was achieved. Also, the relative risks between low birth height and iron and multivitamin supplements were 3.54 and 4.56 respectively. Conclusion: There was a relationship between irregular consumption of iron and multivitamins during pregnancy with weight and height at birth, but there was no relationship between the consumption of nutritional supplements during pregnancy and the head circumference. Mothers' nutritional supplementation during pregnancy requires more attention

Częstość występowania cukrzycy typu 2 u chorych z COVID-19 — przegląd systematyczny i metaanaliza

WSTĘP: W wielu badaniach stwierdzono silny związek między chorobowością i umieralnością z powodu COVID- 19 a cukrzycą. W niniejszym badaniu oszacowano łączną częstość występowania cukrzycy u chorych z COVID-19. MATERIAŁ I METODY: Przeszukano międzynarodowe naukowe bazy danych do 15 kwietnia 2020 roku, bez ograniczeń czasu publikacji i języka opublikowanych prac. Dokonano oceny jakości badań za pomocą listy kontrolnej Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Zastosowano model efektów losowych w celu określenia łącznej częstości występowania z 95-procentowym przedziałem ufności (CI). WYNIKI: Łączna częstość występowania cukrzycy u chorych z COVID-19 wyniosła 14% (95% CI 11–17). Ze względu na dużą niejednorodność (I2 = 93,4%; p < 0,001) przeanalizowano trzy podgrupy w zależności od miejsca badania, wieku i płci. Częstość występowania cukrzycy była większa wśród mężczyzn (16%; 95% CI 12–20) i osób w wieku ≥ 65 lat (19%; 95% CI 8–31). Częstość występowania cukrzycy wyniosła 15% (95% CI 10–20) wśród pacjentów w Wuhan, 10% (95% CI 6–15) wśród pacjentów w innych miastach w Chinach oraz 39% (95% CI 4–74%) wśród pacjentów w innych krajach. WNIOSKI: Z niniejszego przeglądu systematycznego wynika, że częstość występowania cukrzycy u chorych z COVID-19 jest większa w innych krajach niż w Chinach. Częstość występowania cukrzycy wśród chorych z COVID-19 była również istotnie większa w przypadku mężczyzn i osób w podeszłym wieku. Te dane mogą być użyteczne dla decydentów w zakresie polityki zdrowotnej, którzy projektują odpowiednie interwencje prewencyjne i terapeutyczne w przypadkach współistnienia cukrzycy i COVID-19

Impact of maternal psoriasis on adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background There is a dearth of robust evidence regarding the correlation between psoriasis with maternal and neonatal outcomes, making it challenging to establish definitive recommendations for the management of these patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review the evidence with regard to the impact of maternal psoriasis on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods Following the PRISMA guideline, a systematic search of English articles using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library was conducted. The search was performed from inception to 22nd of May 2022. Result A significant association was observed between psoriasis and maternal outcomes, including cesarean delivery [OR = 1.25 (95% CI: 1.13–1.30, p-value = 0.001)], (pre)eclampsia [OR = 1.29 (95% CI: 1.15–1.44, p-value = 0.0001)], gestational diabetes [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.23 (95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 1.15–1.30, p-value = 0.001)], gestational hypertension [OR = 1.31 (95% CI: 1.18–1.45, p-value = 0.001)] and preterm birth [OR = 1.22 (95% CI: 1.10–1.35, p-value = 0.001)]. Also, there was a significant association between psoriasis and neonatal outcomes, including small for gestational age [OR = 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02–1.11, p-value = 0.053)], low birth weight [OR = 1.19 (95% CI: 1.02–1.38, p-value = 0.001)] and stillbirth [OR = 1.27 (95% CI: 1.04–1.55, p-value = 0.023)]. Conclusion Maternal psoriasis could negatively impact maternal and neonatal outcomes. Our results strengthen the importance of close monitoring of the mothers’ psoriasis status before and during pregnancy