8 research outputs found

    Leaf gas exchange differences between males and females of yerba-mate Condutância estomática, fotossíntese, luz, temperatura, transpiração

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    A preliminary study was developed on leaf gas exchange properties of males and females in yerbamate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.), planted in open growth conditions. The photosynthesic photon flux density (PPFD) on leaf level, stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthesis (A), transpiration (E), and leaf temperature (Tl) was measured during the biennial production period: in the summer during the fruit ripening when there is a pause in its growth (January, February), spring  sprouting (November) and autumn sprouting (March, Jun). The measurements have been taken in different tree crown positions (inside, exterior and tips). First indications of sex physiological  dimorphism in yerba-mate have been shown.  Conductance was superior on female plants, with exception on tips, whereas the A and E were superior on females, on the exterior of the third medium of the tree crown. Positive correlations among gas exchange properties and PPFD were established. The seasonality in gas exchange was observed. The maximum gas exchange values were registered in active sprouting whereas the minimum values were registered during fruit ripening, in full summer. A and E were positively correlated with gs for both males and females. The functional strategy of females, aiming to finish the reproductive process, is to proportionate the relative increase of A and E on self-shaded leaves, through the superior gs compared to males. <br />Neste estudo preliminar foram determinadas as propriedades ecofisiológicas de plantas femininas e masculinas da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St.Hil.)  cultivadas no campo. Fluxo de fótons ativo na  fotossíntese (PPFD), condutância estomática (gs), fotossíntese liquida (A), transpiração (E) e temperatura foliar (Tl) foram avaliados em um ciclo bienal de  produção: no verão (janeiro e fevereiro) durante o  período de maturação dos frutos quando ocorre pausa no crescimento; na primavera (novembro) e no outono (março a junho) durante emissão de novas brotações. As medições foram efetuadas em diferentes posições na copa (interior, exterior e ponteiras). Resultados indicam existência de dimorfismo sexual fisiológico na espécie. A condutância foi superior nas plantas  femininas, exceto nas ponteiras. A e E foram superiores na parte exterior do terço médio das copas<br />das plantas femininas. Foi detectada sazonalidade na troca gasosa, com os maiores valores registrados na época de emissão de novas brotações e menores durante a fase de maturação dos frutos.  Observaram-se correlações positivas entre trocas  gasosas e PPFD. A e E correlacionaram-se positivamente com a gs, tanto para plantas masculinas quanto femininas. A estratégia funcional das plantas fêmeas, com o propósito de finalização do processo de reprodução, é de proporcionar o aumento relativo da fotossíntese e da transpiração das folhas sombreadas por intermédio de um maior valor de gs, quando comparado com indivíduos masculinos. <br /&gt

    SISTEMAS INTEGRADOS DE PRODUÇÃO – O NOVO DESAFIO PARA A AGROPECUÁRIA BRASILEIRA

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    The Brazilian agricultural sector stands out as an activity, which besides being fundamental to the economy (trade surplus) is also extremely important to the economic, social and environmental situation. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Brazil came in 2010 at R 3.675trillion,andthisvalueagricultureaccountsfor6.5 3.675 trillion, and this value agriculture accounts for 6.5% (R 180.80 billion) (IBGE, 2011), thus underscoring the sector's importance to the development of Brazil. Thus, the purpose of this review is to discuss the use of various forms of Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest (ILPF) for Brazilian agriculture as a way to ensure the prominence and competitiveness of the sector. The Crop-Livestock Integration-Forest (ILPF) is a system that, in addition to adapting the existing agricultural activities practiced by Brazilian farmers, the templates related to environmental issues, especially in the neutralization of the gases emitted by livestock and agriculture to help accelerate the process of global warming may also increase the profitability of agriculture and settle in the field, reducing the rural exodus. However, there is need for increased research related to ILPF system, aiming at harmonization and maximum production

    Rubber tree (Heyea spp.) mini-grafting. II. Problems and technical advances

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    Com o objetivo de contribuir para a viabilização da mini-enxertia da seringueira, foram promovidas alterações na técnica, incluindo modificações no sistema de fixação do enxerto, no esquema de irrigação, e o desenvolvimento de técnicas de desinfecção dos brotos. Essas alterações resultaram na redução do tempo para a enxertia e do espaço para a manutenção das plantas enxertadas, e na diminuição da mortalidade dos enxertos causada por fungos.With the aim of contributing to the technical viability of rubber tree mini-grafting, standard techniques were altered, including modifications on the graft fixation system, irrigation scheme and development of sprout disinfection. These alterations resulted in reduction of time of grafting, maintenance space of grafted plants, and reduction in mortality caused by fungi
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