Технологические решения очистки подземных вод от растворенных нефтепродуктов

The priority in the oil industry is to reduce the technogenic load on environmental components. Modern technologies allow minimizing the negative impact on water bodies, soils, vegetation, etc. However, the development of effective technical solutions aimed at purification of underground water from oil products is still in progress. There are mechanical, physical-chemical, and biological methods of oil pollution control. Each method has advantages and limitations and can be used in different situations. The technology of groundwater treatment based on biotechnological method and dosed oxygen supply is proposed. The recommended solution can be used as an independent environmental protection measure or in addition to existing ones.Приоритетом в нефтяной промышленности является снижение техногенной нагрузки на компоненты окружающей среды. Современные технологии позволяют минимизировать негативное воздействие на водные объекты, грунты, растительность и т.д. Однако разработка эффективных технических решений, направленных на очистку подземных вод от нефтепродуктов, продолжается. Существуют механические, физико-химические и биологические методы борьбы с нефтяным загрязнением. Каждый метод имеет преимущества и ограничения, может быть использован в разных ситуациях. Предложена технология очистки подземных вод на основе биотехнологического метода и дозированной подачи кислорода. Рекомендованное решение может быть использовано как самостоятельное природоохранное мероприятие, так и в дополнение к существующим

Interaction between buoyant and solutocapillary convections induced by a surface-active source placed under the free surface

The onset and stability of solutal (buoyancy and Marangoni) convection induced by a localized source of surface-active substance placed under an interface were studied both experimentally and theoretically. It was shown that the competition between the buoyancy and solutocapillary convection can lead to the onset of oscillatory convection. The period of the observed oscillations appreciably depends on the relation of Grashof and Marangoni numbers and on the aspect ratio of the geometrical sizes of the problem. It was found out that an increase of the buoyancy contribution leads to the onset of stationary convection instead of oscillatory one

Particles of different density in thermocapillary liquid bridges under the action of travelling and standing hydrothermal waves

We observed particles of different density ratio α = ρp/ρf in thermocapillary liquid bridges with steady and with time-dependent flow under normal- and under microgravity. Particle accumulation structures (PAS) visualize some features of the hydrothermal wave in the liquid bridge. Relatively fast formation of PAS from particles which are considerably less dense than the fluid (α = 0.42) in oscillatory thermocapillary flow of top-heated liquid bridges was observed and explained by an additional buoyancy-assisted mechanism which brings the particles into the surface flow. This PAS from particles with α = 0.42 will persist under normal gravity for infinite time. In contrast to these less dense particles the heavier particles with α > 1 settle down under normal gravity on the lower end face of the liquid bridge after some time and are no longer in suspension and PAS will fade out. On the other hand, particles with α = 0.42 will be less suited for experiments under microgravity than particles with α > 1 because most of them will be trapped in the vortex centre of the thermocapillary flow. The sedimented particles with α > 1 are a means to visualize some features of standing hydrothermal waves which are visualzed and discussed for the first time

Registration of high-frequency waves on the surface by the interference methods

Capillary waves are frequently used to measure the surface tension of liquids. However, this approach has not found wide application in the manufacture of modern commercial tensiometers because of the limitations imposed by capillary wave excitation techniques and the labor input associated with its practical implementation. In this paper we introduce a modified version of the capillary wave method which allows one to avoid the existing limitations and disadvantages. The distinguishing features of the proposed technique are as follows: acoustic wave generation and application of an interferometry technique for 3D surface profile reconstruction. A dynamic speaker with controlled vibration frequency and amplitude is used to produce acoustic vibrations. Application of a conventional Fizeau interferometer and the spatial phase shifting method makes it possible to perform surface form measurements with a high accuracy. For calculating wavelengths and the damping co-efficient, the surface profile is fitted with a decaying cylindrical wave equation. The accuracy of surface tension measurement by the modified capillary wave technique is 0.3 %. Owing to the non-contact way of wave generation and the small amounts of the examined fluid, the proposed method can be used in different studies

Registration of high-frequency waves on the surface by the interference methods

Capillary waves are frequently used to measure the surface tension of liquids. However, this approach has not found wide application in the manufacture of modern commercial tensiometers because of the limitations imposed by capillary wave excitation techniques and the labor input associated with its practical implementation. In this paper we introduce a modified version of the capillary wave method which allows one to avoid the existing limitations and disadvantages. The distinguishing features of the proposed technique are as follows: acoustic wave generation and application of an interferometry technique for 3D surface profile reconstruction. A dynamic speaker with controlled vibration frequency and amplitude is used to produce acoustic vibrations. Application of a conventional Fizeau interferometer and the spatial phase shifting method makes it possible to perform surface form measurements with a high accuracy. For calculating wavelengths and the damping co-efficient, the surface profile is fitted with a decaying cylindrical wave equation. The accuracy of surface tension measurement by the modified capillary wave technique is 0.3 %. Owing to the non-contact way of wave generation and the small amounts of the examined fluid, the proposed method can be used in different studies