On Physical and Mental Fatigue

In this experiment the comparison was studied between the muscular and the nervous fatigue and the flicker phenomenal value of the optic nerve. In order to measure the physical fatigue, various methods have been reported by many authers. In this experiment, a quantification of the fatigue was tried though the relation between the amount of mental activity and the FF (flicker frequency), which is useful in physical fatigue measurement with the change in respiration and pulse. In measuring the FF, respiration and pulse caused by physical work, it shows that the these three measured values are somewhat exponential, which might be called the exponential accumlation of fatigue. In mental activity slight relation was also found between fatigue and learning

Properties of the Amorphous Fe(100-x)B(x) Alloy Prepared by rf-Sputtering Technique

The amorphous Fe(100-x)B(x) alloys with 18 ≤ x ≤ 42 were prepared by applying a rf-sputtering technique. The chemical composition of the sputtered films was well controlled by varying the area ratio of B plate to Fe plate, which were used as a composite target. The crystallization temperature of the amorphous films linearly rises with increasing of B content up to x = 36, but falls in a composition range of 36 ≤ x ≤ 42. The amorphous Fe(100-x)B(x) films exhibited ferromagnetism in the whole compositions studied in the present work. The internal magnetic field of the amorphous films decreases with increasing of B content, since the charge transfer increases with B atom in the system Fe(100-x)B(x)

Ex vivo hepatic venography for hepatocellular carcinoma in livers explanted for liver transplantation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is supposed to have a venous drainage system to a portal vein, which makes intrahepatic metastasis possible. However, the mechanism of extrahepatic recurrence, including the possibility of a direct route to the systemic circulation from the HCC nodules, remains unclear. Therefore, we performed retrograde hepatic venography for HCC in livers that had been explanted for liver transplantation in order to explore the possible direct connection between the hepatic vein and HCC nodules.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Of 105 living-donor liver transplantations (LDLT) performed up to July, 2009 at the Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Hospital, dynamic hepatic venography was performed with contrast media under fluoroscopy for the most recent 13 cases with HCC. The presence of a tumor stain for each HCC case was evaluated and compared with the histological findings of HCC.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Hepatic venography revealed a tumor stain in 2 of 13 cases (15%). Neither showed any microscopic tumor invasion of HCC into the hepatic vein. In the other 11 cases, there were 4 microscopic portal venous invasions and 2 microscopic hepatic venous invasions. No patients have shown HCC recurrence in follow-up (median period, 13 months).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Using <it>ex vivo </it>hepatic venography, a direct connection to the hepatic vein from HCC in whole liver was revealed in 2 cases without demonstrated histopathological invasion to hepatic vein for the first time in the literature. The finding suggests that there is direct spillage of HCC cells into the systemic circulation via hepatic vein.</p