AttnGrounder: Talking to Cars with Attention

We propose Attention Grounder (AttnGrounder), a single-stage end-to-end trainable model for the task of visual grounding. Visual grounding aims to localize a specific object in an image based on a given natural language text query. Unlike previous methods that use the same text representation for every image region, we use a visual-text attention module that relates each word in the given query with every region in the corresponding image for constructing a region dependent text representation. Furthermore, for improving the localization ability of our model, we use our visual-text attention module to generate an attention mask around the referred object. The attention mask is trained as an auxiliary task using a rectangular mask generated with the provided ground-truth coordinates. We evaluate AttnGrounder on the Talk2Car dataset and show an improvement of 3.26% over the existing methods

Bone versus implant: an atypical presentation of a typical complication of forearm fractures

Both bone forearm fractures are one of the most common upper limb fractures operated by orthopedicians. Although the primary surgery is usually relatively straight forward and simple, but we present a case where the primary surgery failed and the patient presented with a deformed hand after 5 months, even though there were signs of union on radiographs. When operated upon, although the ulna had undergone primary bone healing and a peri-implant fracture had occurred, whereas radius had refractured from the fracture site and the plate was bent giving the deformed appearance. We discuss this unique complication, the planning, difficulties and scope of errors in such a situation, where the race to union is won by ulna but lost by radius

Clinicolaboratory profile of children with celiac disease in North India

Background: Prevalence of celiac disease (CD) has increased worldwide, but there are only few studies reporting clinicolaboratory profile of children with CD. Aim: To study the current clinicolaboratory profile of celiac disease in North Indian children. Methods: This retrospective study was done in pediatric gastroenterology clinic of a tertiary care center of North India. The primary objective was to study clinical and laboratory profile in children with CD. Secondary objective was to find correlation between duodenal biopsy Marsh stage and IgA tissue with tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG) titers and also with serum hemoglobin, serum iron levels, and severity of anemia. A total of the 54 children fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of CD were included, and details were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Average age of onset of symptoms was 4.7±2.5 years, 80% had onset of symptoms after 2 years of age. Chronic diarrhea (70.3%), pain abdomen (62.9%), and abdomen distention (53.7%) were the most common manifestations. Wasting (38.4% - <5 years, 41.4% in >5 years), stunting (46.3%), rickets (22%), and anemia (90.7%) were common. Serum hemoglobin levels and serum iron levels were inversely correlated to the serum tTG levels and Marsh biopsy staging; though, not significant. Correlation of hemoglobin levels between Marsh stage 3A and 3C was statistically significant (p=0.036). There was no correlation between serum tTG levels and Marsh biopsy staging with anemia and its severity. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal symptoms still remain the most common presentation in children with celiac disease. Malnourishment, anemia, and rickets require special attention in these children

Towards Robustness Analysis of E-Commerce Ranking System

Information retrieval (IR) is a pivotal component in various applications. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have enabled the integration of ML algorithms into IR, particularly in ranking systems. While there is a plethora of research on the robustness of ML-based ranking systems, these studies largely neglect commercial e-commerce systems and fail to establish a connection between real-world and manipulated query relevance. In this paper, we present the first systematic measurement study on the robustness of e-commerce ranking systems. We define robustness as the consistency of ranking outcomes for semantically identical queries. To quantitatively analyze robustness, we propose a novel metric that considers both ranking position and item-specific information that are absent in existing metrics. Our large-scale measurement study with real-world data from e-commerce retailers reveals an open opportunity to measure and improve robustness since semantically identical queries often yield inconsistent ranking results. Based on our observations, we propose several solution directions to enhance robustness, such as the use of Large Language Models. Note that the issue of robustness discussed herein does not constitute an error or oversight. Rather, in scenarios where there exists a vast array of choices, it is feasible to present a multitude of products in various permutations, all of which could be equally appealing. However, this extensive selection may lead to customer confusion. As e-commerce retailers use various techniques to improve the quality of search results, we hope that this research offers valuable guidance for measuring the robustness of the ranking systems

Fabrication of Modified MMT/Glass/Vinylester Multiscale Composites and Their Mechanical Properties

Montmorillonite (MMT) may become a preferred filler material for fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites due to its high aspect ratio, large surface area, and low charge density. In the present paper, MMT/glass/vinylester multiscale composites are prepared with untreated and surface-treated MMT clay particles with an MMT content of 1.0 wt%. Effects of surface treatment on mechanical properties of MMT/glass/vinylester multiscale composites are investigated through tensile and bending tests, which revealed enhanced mechanical properties in the case of surface-treated MMT. Thermal properties are studied through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). X-Ray diffraction is performed to investigate the interaction between MMT and the matrix. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) is also performed for both untreated and surface-treated MMT. Furthermore, Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) is conducted to investigate the path of fracture propagation within the composite surface, showing that the surface-treated MMT based multiscale composite has better interactions with the host matrix than the untreated MMT multiscale composites. These composites with enhanced mechanical strength can be used for various mechanical applications

Carotid intimal medial thickness in children with celiac disease

Introduction: Increasing cardiovascular risk in celiac disease (CD) may be attributed to the chronic systemic inflammation and unfavorable biochemical profile leading to accelerated atherosclerosis. Carotid intimal medial thickness (CIMT) has emerged as a direct marker of the early atherosclerosis as compared to traditional biochemical markers. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the CIMT in children with CD aged 1–16 years. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the department of Pediatrics and Radio Diagnosis in a tertiary care hospital of New Delhi. Thirty-six children with CD with age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. CIMT for the anterior and posterior walls on each side was measured, and the mean CIMT was obtained for all the enrolled children. Results: The mean right-sided CIMT was significantly higher in cases (0.053±0.009 cm vs. 0.039±0.007 cm, p=0.000). The mean left-sided CIMT did not significantly differ between the groups (0.051±0.009 cm vs. 0.048±0.055 cm, p=0.702). The mean CIMT (right and left together), although higher in Celiacs, was not significantly different from controls (0.052±0.008 cm and 0.044±0.029 cm, p=0.114). However, a significant positive correlation between the age of the patients, age at the onset of symptoms, and CIMT was noted. Conclusion: Although we could not demonstrate statistically significant results, the mean CIMT and the right-sided measurements were significantly higher in cases than in controls

Optical control of in-plane domain configuration and domain wall motion in ferroelectric and ferroelastic

The sensitivity of ferroelectric domain walls to external stimuli makes them functional entities in nanoelectronic devices. Specifically, optically driven domain reconfiguration with in-plane polarization is advantageous and thus highly sought. Here, we show the existence of in-plane polarized sub-domains imitating a single domain state and reversible optical control of its domain wall movement in a single-crystal of ferroelectric BaTiO3. Similar optical control in the domain configuration of non-polar ferroelastic material indicates long-range ferroelectric polarization is not essential for the optical control of domain wall movement. Instead, flexoelectricity is found to be an essential ingredient for the optical control of the domain configuration and hence, ferroelastic materials would be another possible candidate for nanoelectronic device applications

Grzybiczy tętniak rzekomy tętnicy płucnej u pacjentki z historią ubytku przegrody międzykomorowej. Opis przypadku i przegląd piśmiennictwa

Tętniaki są rzadko zlokalizowane w tętnicy płucnej. Częstszą jest lokalizacja wewnątrzczaszkowa, aorta lub inne naczynia krwionośne. Tętniak tętnicy płucnej może być spowodowany zakażeniem takimi bakteriami, jak Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Mycobacteria, Treponema pallidum, rzadziej grzybami. W pracy przedstawiono opis przypadku 7-letniej pacjentki, u której wystąpiły dwa prawostronne, przywnękowe tętniaki rzekome pochodzenia grzybiczego. Pacjentka była wcześniej leczona z powodu ubytku przegrody międzykomorowej. Grzybicze tętniaki rzekome tętnicy płucnej występują rzadko, a ich diagnostyka jest trudna. Jeśli u chorego przez dłuższy czas utrzymują się gorączka i kaszel, a zagęszczenie w obrębie miąższu płuc nie odpowiada na antybiotykoterapię, zaleca się wykonanie tomografii komputerowej klatki piersiowej z kontrastem. Można podejrzewać, że „krucha masa przyczepiona do łaty ubytku przegrody międzykomorowej” była punktem wyjścia dla rozwoju infekcyjnego zapalenia wsierdzia oraz powstania grzybiczego materiału zatorowego w tętnicach płucnych. Leczony wcześniej ubytek przegrody międzykomorowej mógł się w ten sposób przyczynić do rozwoju grzybiczego zapalenia wsierdzia.Tętniaki są rzadko zlokalizowane w tętnicy płucnej. Częstszą jest lokalizacja wewnątrzczaszkowa, aorta lub inne naczynia krwionośne. Tętniak tętnicy płucnej może być spowodowany zakażeniem takimi bakteriami, jak Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Mycobacteria, Treponema pallidum, rzadziej grzybami. W pracy przedstawiono opis przypadku 7-letniej pacjentki, u której wystąpiły dwa prawostronne, przywnękowe tętniaki rzekome pochodzenia grzybiczego. Pacjentka była wcześniej leczona z powodu ubytku przegrody międzykomorowej. Grzybicze tętniaki rzekome tętnicy płucnej występują rzadko, a ich diagnostyka jest trudna. Jeśli u chorego przez dłuższy czas utrzymują się gorączka i kaszel, a zagęszczenie w obrębie miąższu płuc nie odpowiada na antybiotykoterapię, zaleca się wykonanie tomografii komputerowej klatki piersiowej z kontrastem. Można podejrzewać, że „krucha masa przyczepiona do łaty ubytku przegrody międzykomorowej” była punktem wyjścia dla rozwoju infekcyjnego zapalenia wsierdzia oraz powstania grzybiczego materiału zatorowego w tętnicach płucnych. Leczony wcześniej ubytek przegrody międzykomorowej mógł się w ten sposób przyczynić do rozwoju grzybiczego zapalenia wsierdzia