Fast food is not the only junk food: Consumption pattern of different types of junk food in adolescents of Aligarh

Background: Junk food is a term that is used for many types of food including the predominantly western - fast foods, as well as for local - street foods and instant foods. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the consumption pattern of fast food, street food, and instant foods among adolescents and their correlation and to determine the preferred food among these, if there were no cost constraints. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted in 13–15 years old adolescents from two schools of Aligarh. The study used pictorial examples to ascertain the prevalence of different types of food. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20. Spearman’s rho was applied to find correlations among the different food categories. Results: The consumption rate of fast food, street food, and instant food for twice or more times a week was 57.7%, 55.7%, and 46.1%, respectively. Furthermore, if money was not a restraint, the most favored food was fast food (44%). There is a significant correlation of consumption patterns of these foods. Conclusion: The unhealthy junk foods consumption includes not only the western fast foods which are ultra-processed but also Indian street foods rich in trans fats as well as instant foods. A more nuanced and comprehensive approach is needed to counter the hazards of the current junk food environment

A comparative study of the effectiveness of placental blood drainage versus no placental blood drainage in active management of third stage of labor at a tertiary care hospital

Background: WHO defines postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) as when blood loss is greater than or equal to 500 ml within 24 hours after birth. When blood loss is greater than or equal to 1000 ml within 24 hourrs, it is called as severe primary postpartum haemorrhage. Placental blood drainage is done by clamping and cutting of umbilical cord after birth of baby followed by unclamping the maternal side of cord so the blood can drain freely into a container.Methods: 200 patients were studied in current research finding. Study group had 100 patients whose placental blood drainage was done and control group had 100 patients whose placental blood drainage was not done. This study was done to analyze the effectiveness of placental blood drainage in reducing blood loss.Results: The duration of third stage of labor was 295.70 seconds in study group and 475.20 seconds in control group. The amount of blood loss in study group was 273.76 ml and 294.92 ml in control group. p value was found to be significant. Incidence of PPH in study group was 1% and 8% in control group.Conclusions: Placenta blood drainage was safe and simple. It is a non invasive method very useful to prevent PPH. It reduces the duration of third stage of labor and reduces amount of blood loss

Profiling of Home/On the way mortality found SARS-COV-2 positive in Rajasthan during the current season-Away mortality found SARS-COV-2 positive in Rajasthan during the current season-April to July 2020 For Strategic Interventions

Background: First case reported from this empowered action group state  on 2.3.20 from international tourist after which state  saw an staggered spurt in COVID 19 cases along with rising mortality. Rajasthan was one of the foremost affected state bearing the frontal attack likewise geographicaly extensive states MP &Gujrat. Making indespensable for  converting information into evidence for timely identification of causal drivers &revising strategies in pandemic inferno. Objective:To sketch out the mortality profile with respect to demographic and clinical progression with an aim to identify the groups,this virus conspicuously pickedup with a perspective to control some of the avoidable factors.Methods:We analyzed the epidemiological data in 56 RT-PCR confirmed deaths of COVID 19 patients who were brought dead that occurred between 1stApril 2020 and 31stJuly 2020 over a period of 120 days throughout Rajasthan by community surveys . A 3 member team of sector health workers(ASHA/ANM/Medical officer ) were constituted for verbal autopsy of deceased kith/kin after informed consent & 3 weeks after death . A written format for detail discussion with family members was pre hand given which later culminated into a single page dossier for identification of level of delays that lead to a death & actionable points from team itself. These delays were  classified into 6 broad categories i.e L1-Delay in seeking health care , L2-delay in availing transport facility, L3- Delay in getting optimum treatment , No Delay,Non COVID Death & cause unknown .Later inspired by the positive feedback impact government facility death review mechanism was also institutionalized steerheaded by medical education department to enrich the available knowledge of prevention & treatment. Results:Atotal of 650 patients died during four months period from 2 March to 5 July out of which 56 brought dead mortality cases presenting with COVID (+) post expiry were analyzed. 26 deaths occurred in the 30-60 years of age group. The mean age being 46.48 years. Males had a marginally increased mortality rate (F: M-1:1.43). The mean time of onset of symptoms to hospitalization was 7.8 days. Thirty Nine  (71%) patients were from urban areas, whereas 7(13%) belonged to rural areas.Only 23.52 % patients presented within 24 - 48 hours whereas 33% presented within aday of onset of symptoms& 25.49 % presented within 4-7 days wheras 17.64% had no symptoms .On economic status front 84% belonged to Non Below Poverty line (NBPL) & rest were BPL .Educational status was 34% were 5th pass,23% uneducated ,20 % 8th pass & rest 11  % were 10th pass & graduate.77% deaths were without any associated cause of death. Based on initial rounds of facility level reviews 66.9% succumbed within 5 days of hospitalization, despite starting for hospital in advance .56.86% had predisposing risk factors. Conclusion: On the way/home  mortality of 8.06% was found out of total some 694 (April-July-20) which was low  as house to house survey conducted &community  awareness campaigns thru health worker helped in sensitization of general public . As  acorollary of this analysis the authors are of the opinion that a rejig of the existing guidelines to identify and treat influenza like illness be made available at the national level. What factors promote rapid progression especially in a group without any predisposing risk condition should form  the focus of  future studies. As  risk group individuals formed  a major chunk of deaths, the need to vaccinate this group should form a scaffold on which future directions and interventions have to be builtup to combat the morbidity and mortalit

Prevalence & perinatal outcome of GDM : a tertiary teaching hospital based study

Can we do something to improve outcomes of GDM?Much needs to be done to deal with epidemic of GDM in India as it affects both mother and fetus adversely.This study was aimed to find out the data pertaining to GDM.Using notional sampling frame 200 pregnant women  were offered  75 gm oral glucose tolerance test between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation,irrespective of the fasting status as recommended by DIPSI.Patients having values ≥140 mg/dl ,2 hrs after administration of 75 gm oral glucose were labelled as GDM.Whole cohort was followed during antenatal period and upto 7 days after delivery for fetomaternal outcome. Prevalence of GDM was 8% in our study. Statistically significant  increased rates of gestational hypertension,chronic hypertension, preeclampsia,UTI,preterm delivery,rate of caesarean section and polyhydramnios were found  in GDM patients.Statistically significant higher rates of metabolic complications,respiratory distress,admission to neonatal unit and macrosomia were found in neonates of GDM mothers.Hence there is a need for studying outcomes as well as cost effectiveness of different diagnostic criteria while simultaneously creating social awareness, training manpower, and sensitizing policymakers to make GDM testing and management mandatory during pregnancy at all levels