ウミタカマル ナンキョク コウカイ デ カンソク サレタ カイヨウセイ エアロゾル ノ コウガクテキ アツサ

東京海洋大学「海鷹丸」の南極海研究航海において,大気エアロゾルの光学的厚さ(AOT)の観測を実施した.南極海インド洋セクターでの500 nmでのAOTは,0.02-0.12の範囲であった.南極大陸沿岸域でのAOTは比較的低く,0.02前後であった.40-60゜Sの海域では,0.1以上の値を示すことがあった.インド洋低中緯度帯でのAOTは,0.05-0.15の範囲であった.風速とAOTとに正の相関がみられたことから,南極海では光学的に海塩粒子が卓越し,風速がAOTに影響を及ぼしていると考えられる.AOTが高くなるにつれ,オングストローム指数は減少した.AOTの波長スペクトルにおいて,380 nmと870 nmのAOTはべき関数からずれる傾向がみられた.レイリーの光学的厚さの算出方法を比較したところ,ずれが大幅に改善される可能性が示された.今後,より観測精度を高めていくためには,機器定数の精度を把握するとともに,レイリーの光学的厚さの算出方法の見直しなどが必要である.Aerosol optical thickness (AOT) was measured during Antarctic research cruises of R V Umitaka-Maru. The measured AOTs at 500 nm in the Indian sector of the Antarctic Ocean ranged from 0.02 to 0.12. In Antarctic coastal waters, the AOTs were as low as around 0.05. On the other hand, the some AOTs were higher than 0.1 from 40゜S to 60゜S. In middle and low latitude regions of the Indian Ocean, the AOTs ranged from 0.05 to 0.15. The AOTs were correlated with wind speed. It is indicated that sea-salt particles, generated by wind, dominated optically and wind speed affected the AOT in the Antarctic Ocean. Angstro¨m exponent decreased with increasing AOT. In the AOT wavelength spectra, some AOTs in 380 nm and 870 nm tended to deviate from the power function. Comparing calculation methods of Rayleigh optical thickness suggested a possibility of reducing the deviations of these AOTs. In the future, accuracy check of the instrument constant and review of the calculation method of Rayleigh optical thickness are recommended to enhance the accuracy of maritime AOT measurement

ウミタカマル ヲ モチイタ ナンキョク ケンキュウ ワークショップ 2008 ホウコク

「海鷹丸を用いた南極研究ワークショップ2008」を東京海洋大学品川キャンパスにおいて2008年8月8日に開催した.参加者は36名であった.2002/03年,2004/05年,2005/06年,2007/08年シーズンに行われた東京海洋大学「海鷹丸」の南極海研究航海(それぞれ,UM0203,UM0405,UM0506,UM0708航海)で得られた結果が報告された後,得られたデータやサンプルの管理及び成果取りまとめについて議論した.A workshop "Southern Ocean Study by RT/V (research and training vessel) Umitaka-Maru, 2008" was held on 8th August 2008 at the Shinagawa Campus of the Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), with 36 participants. Results obtained during RT/V Umitaka-Maru (TUMSAT) cruises in austral summer of 2002/03 (UM0203), 2004/05 (UM0405), 2005/06 (UM0506), and 2007/08 (UM0708) and the current status of data were reported. Data management and synthesis of scientific results were discussed

From Duty to Right: The Role of Public Education in the Transition to Aging Societies

This paper argues that the introduction of compulsory schooling in early industrialization promoted the growth process that eventually led to a vicious cycle of population aging and negative pressure on education policy. In the early phases of industrialization, public education was undesirable for the young poor who relied on child labor. Compulsory schooling therefore discouraged childbirth, while the accompanying industrialization stimulated their demand for education. The subsequent rise in the share of the old population, however, limited government resources for education, placing heavier financial burdens on the young. This induced further fertility decline and population aging, and the resulting cycle may have delayed the growth of advanced economies in the last few decades

Maritime aerosol optical thickness measured during Antarctic research cruises of R/V Umitaka-Maru

Aerosol optical thickness (AOT) was measured during Antarctic research cruises of R V Umitaka-Maru. The measured AOTs at 500 nm in the Indian sector of the Antarctic Ocean ranged from 0.02 to 0.12. In Antarctic coastal waters, the AOTs were as low as around 0.05. On the other hand, the some AOTs were higher than 0.1 from 40゜S to 60゜S. In middle and low latitude regions of the Indian Ocean, the AOTs ranged from 0.05 to 0.15. The AOTs were correlated with wind speed. It is indicated that sea-salt particles, generated by wind, dominated optically and wind speed affected the AOT in the Antarctic Ocean. Angstro¨m exponent decreased with increasing AOT. In the AOT wavelength spectra, some AOTs in 380 nm and 870 nm tended to deviate from the power function. Comparing calculation methods of Rayleigh optical thickness suggested a possibility of reducing the deviations of these AOTs. In the future, accuracy check of the instrument constant and review of the calculation method of Rayleigh optical thickness are recommended to enhance the accuracy of maritime AOT measurement

Generation of ventilation/perfusion ratio map in surgical patients by dual-energy CT after xenon inhalation and intravenous contrast media

Abstract Background While many studies have evaluated the change in lung volume before and after lung resection and correlated this with pulmonary function test results, there is very little evidence on the changes in ventilation perfusion ratio (V/Q) before versus after lung resection. In the present pilot study, we evaluated if V/Q mapping can be constructed using dual energy CT images. Methods Thirty-one lung cancer patients planned for pulmonary resection were included in this study. To evaluate ventilation, Xenon-enhanced CT was performed. This was immediately followed by perfusion CT. The two images were registered manually as well as using dedicated softwares, and division between ventilation pixels and perfusion pixels were done to produce the V/Q map. Also, in order to characterize the distribution of the V/Q, the following numerical indices were calculated; mean, median, mode, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), skewness, kurtosis, and fractal dimension (FD). Pulmonary function tests and blood gas parameters were measured using standard institutional procedures. Results In the whole group, VC, %VC, and FEV1 decreased significantly after resection. FEV1.0% was increased significantly after resection. No significant changes were seen in PaO2, PaCO2, and DLCO/VA before and after resection. The mean, median, mode, SD, skewness, kurtosis and FD of the V/Q did not change significantly before and after resection. A marginal but significant decrease in CV was seen before versus after resection. Conclusions Overall, it was considered that the V/Q maps could be adequately generated in this study. With further accumulation of data, V/Q map generated by dual energy CT may become one of the potentially useful tools for functional lung imaging. Trial registration This trial was registered in University Medical Information Network in Japan (UMIN000010023) on 13Feb2013

Report on "Workshop-Southern Ocean Study by RT/V Umitaka-Maru, 2008"

A workshop "Southern Ocean Study by RT/V (research and training vessel) Umitaka-Maru, 2008" was held on 8th August 2008 at the Shinagawa Campus of the Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), with 36 participants. Results obtained during RT/V Umitaka-Maru (TUMSAT) cruises in austral summer of 2002/03 (UM0203), 2004/05 (UM0405), 2005/06 (UM0506), and 2007/08 (UM0708) and the current status of data were reported. Data management and synthesis of scientific results were discussed

Promotive Effects of the Dietary Organic Germanium Poly-trans-[(2-carboxyethyl) germasesquioxane] (Ge-132) on the Secretion and Antioxidative Activity of Bile in Rodents

http://www.pharm.or.jp/jhs.htm