National Accounts Data Linkages

This article is part of the NEDA-PIDS Seminar-Workshop on the Philippine System of National Accounts. It discusses data linkages, especially those that are related to improvements in national account (NA) estimation methodology. It contains the following: the application of the flow account chart to Philippine NA data, the uses of different accounting models to improve estimation methodology and the reasons for improving the Philippine statistical system.data and statistics, national account

A Preliminary Study of Income-in-kind Underreporting in the Quarterly Integrated Survey of Households (ISH)

This paper is presented at the Third National Convention on Statistics at the Philippine International Convention Center on December 13-14, 1982. It presents preliminary findings from a small-scale test to determine the reporting errors in the ISH regarding cash and income-in-kind utilizing an analytical framework. Evidence indicates income-underreporting biases.income

A Preliminary Study of Income-in-kind Underreporting in the Quarterly Integrated Survey of Households (ISH)

This paper is presented at the Third National Convention on Statistics at the Philippine International Convention Center on December 13-14, 1982. It presents preliminary findings from a small-scale test to determine the reporting errors in the ISH regarding cash and income-in-kind utilizing an analytical framework. Evidence indicates income-underreporting biases.income

National Accounts Data Linkages

This article is part of the NEDA-PIDS Seminar-Workshop on the Philippine System of National Accounts. It discusses data linkages, especially those that are related to improvements in national account (NA) estimation methodology. It contains the following: the application of the flow account chart to Philippine NA data, the uses of different accounting models to improve estimation methodology and the reasons for improving the Philippine statistical system.data and statistics, national account

A Research on the Treatment of Complex Sulphide Ores. III : Selective Sulphatization Process

With the aim of recovering zinc, copper. lead, iron and sulphur from complex sulphide ores, the selective-sulphatization flotation process has been proposed by the Institute. Complex sulphide ores are treated with , bulk flotation. The concentrate, after being reground, is subjected to the treatment of selective sulphatization. The object of the treatment lies in sulphatizing only the zinc and lead sulphides as far as possible, with minimum sulphatization of pyrite and chalcopyrite. In the treatment, the bulk concentrate is mixed with comparatively concentrated sulphuric acid, the mixture being kept at a temperature of around 150℃ for one hour. The sulphatization product is leached out with water, and the resultant zinc sulphate solution can be electrolysed for zinc. On the other hand, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and lead sulphate can be recovered from the leach residue by application of differential flotation. In the present report, the research on the selective sulphatization and the electrolytic recovery of zinc is given. First, to find out basic data for the treatment, a variety of sulphide minerals were subjected to the action of sulphuric acid of high concentration and the degree of sulphatization was examined. From the results, it was found that zinc minerals, including zinc blende and marmatite, galena, and pyrrhotite were readily sulphatized, while chalcopyrite and pyrite were almost unaffected. Second, the flotation concentrates from Hanaoka Mine, having the chemical composition as shown in Tables 2 and 4, were treated with the selective sulphatization. The representative result gave 97% of sulphatization percentage for zinc, while 3.6% and 2.0% for iron and copper, respectively. Optimum conditions for the tests were as follows : Concentration of H_2SO_4, 60 vol%; solid-liquid ratio, 1:1 ; treating time, 1 hr and treating temperature, 150～160℃. The solution leached out from the sulphatization product was subjected to tests for production of zinc under the electrolysis process in usual practice and the cathode zinc of 99.97% purity, containing 0.024% of lead, 0.0046% of copper and 0.0029% cadmium, was obtained. Finally, similar tests were repeated on a larger scale and the good results were also obtained

Influence of surgical arch reconstruction methods on single ventricle workload in the Norwood procedure

ObjectiveThe study objective was to evaluate various types of Norwood arch reconstruction methods and to show the factors that affect the cardiac workload of the single ventricle. The Norwood procedure is one of the most challenging congenital heart surgeries. Several aortic arch reconstruction techniques have been reported to avoid recoarctation, ensure coronary perfusion, and improve long-term outcomes. Inside the arch, complicated turbulent flow is generated; however, little is known about the cause of the disadvantageous inefficient flow and the surgical techniques to avoid it.MethodsWe created patient-specific computational hemodynamic models of 9 patients who underwent different types of arch reconstruction methods. Four patients had aortic atresia, and 5 patients had aortic stenosis. Flow profiles were defined by echocardiography data corrected with body surface area. Turbulent pulsatile flow was analyzed with the finite volume method. Flow energy loss was calculated to estimate cardiac workload, and wall shear stress was calculated to estimate vessel wall stiffness increase.ResultsRecoarctation and acute arch angles increased wall shear stress and energy loss. In the patients with aortic atresia, a longitudinal incision toward the descending aorta was effective in creating a smooth arch angle. In the patients with aortic stenosis, arch repair with the Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure in a single anastomotic site was effective in creating sufficient anastomosis space and a smooth arch angle.ConclusionsCreation of a large anastomotic space and a smooth aortic arch angle reduced wall shear stress and energy loss, and should improve long-term cardiac performance after the Norwood procedure