Toxoplasmose aguda em um lactente durante a amamentação, com possível transmissão pela água

A transmissão do Toxoplasma gondii através do aleitamento materno tem sido discutida; no entanto, até o momento nenhum caso foi confirmado. Este artigo relata um caso de toxoplasmose aguda diagnosticada na mãe e no seu bebê com seis meses de vida, que estava em amamentação exclusiva. Embora apresente a possibilidade de transmissão pelo leite materno, o estudo chama a atenção de clínicos e pediatras para a mais provável hipótese de que ambos adquiriram toxoplasmose pela ingestão de água.Toxoplasma gondii transmission via breastfeeding has been discussed; however, no cases have been confirmed to date. This article describes a case of acute toxoplasmosis diagnosed in a mother and her six-month-old breastfed infant. The study accounts for the possibility of breast milk transmission and directs both clinicians and pediatricians to the hypothesis that both patients acquired toxoplasmosis via water ingestion

Seroprevalence of feline leishmaniasis in Paraná using antigens from different species of Leishmania spp / Soroprevalência da leishmaniose felina no Paraná utilizando-se antígenos de diferentes espécies de Leishmania spp

In domestic cats, the number of infections caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania is becoming increasingly significant, although the role of felines in this cycle is not yet clear. The aim of this study was to observe the prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. using different antigens: Leishmania Viannia brasiliensis, Leishmania Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania Leishmania infantum, in serological samples from domestic cats, from castration efforts carried out in the city of Londrina / PR, from 2015 to 2016. The test was used in indirect ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) serological diagnosis, with the aforementioned antigens for plaque sensitization. Of the total of 199 samples analyzed, 69 (34.67%) were considered reagents for Leishmania spp., 37 samples (18.59%) were considered reagents for L. (L.) amazonensis; 40 samples (20.10%) for L. (V.) brasiliensis and 24 (12.06%) for L. (L.) infantum. In 42 samples (21.10%) reactivity to ELISA was observed in more than one of the antigens used. A higher prevalence of antibodies was observed when using the L. (V.) brasiliensis antigen, confirming that this is the most reported species in the state of Paraná. We can conclude that antibodies against Leishmania spp. are circulating in the studied feline population; in addition, the use of the Leishmania antigen species most prevalent in the study region is indicated for obtaining more reliable results.

Toxoplasma gondii: I. Avaliação da virulência de oito amostras

In order to evaluate the virulence and pathogenicity of tachyzoites, eight Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from different animal species and humans - LIV IV, LIV V e S 11 isolated from swine, RH e VPS from humans, AS 28 from mice, HV III from dog and CN from cat - were inoculated in mice and rabbits. All the strains were strongly virulent for mice. Groups of mice inoculated, intraperitonially, with 10(4) tachyzoites died in an average of 6.0 to 7.8 days, after inoculation. The strains isolated more recently, LIV V and HV III (LD50 of 7 and 15 tachyzoites, respectively) were the most virulent. The RH strain showed the lowest virulence, with LD50 of 3160 tachyzoites. The LIV V strain also seems to be most virulent to rabbits.Oito amostras de T. gondii - LIV IV, LIV V e S 11 isoladas de suínos, RH e VPS de seres humanos, AS 28 de camundongo, HV III de cão e CN de gato - foram inoculadas em camundongos suíços albinos e em coelhos com o objetivo de avaliar a virulência e a patogenicidade. As oito amostras apresentaram-se altamente virulentas para camundongos, matando todos os animais que receberam inóculo, via intraperitoneal, de 10(4) taquizoítas, entre 6,0 e 7,8 dias, em média, após a inoculação. As amostras isoladas mais recentemente, LIV V e HV III (DL50 de 7 e 15 taquizoítas, respectivamente) foram as mais virulentas. A amostra RH foi a que apresentou a menor virulência, com DL50 de 3.160 taquizoítas. A amostra LIV V também se mostrou mais virulenta para coelhos, porém, como foram inoculados apenas 2 animais, estudos posteriores devem ser realizados para confirmar este achado

Fatores associados à infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em gestantes atendidas nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Rolândia, Paraná, Brasil

The aim of the present work was to determine the prevalence of IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and the factors associated to the infection in pregnant women attended in Basic Health Units in Rolândia, Paraná, Brazil. The sample was divided in two groups: group I (320 pregnant women who were analyzed from July 2007 to February 2008) and group II (287 pregnant women who were analyzed from March to October 2008). In group I, it was found 53.1% of pregnant women with IgG reactive and IgM non-reactive, 1.9% with IgG and IgM reactive, 0.3% with IgG non-reactive and IgM reactive and 44.7% with IgG and IgM non-reactive. In group II, it was found 55.1% with IgG reactive and IgM non-reactive and 44.9% with IgG and IgM non-reactive. The variables associated to the presence of IgG antibodies were: residence in rural areas, pregnant women between 35-40 years old, low educational level, low family income, more than one pregnancy, drinking water which does not originate from the public water supply system and the habit of handling soil or sand. Guidance on primary prevention measures and the quarterly serological monitoring of the pregnant women in the risk group are important measures to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a prevalência de anticorpos IgG e IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii e os fatores associados à infecção em gestantes atendidas nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Rolândia, Paraná, Brasil. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: grupo I (320 gestantes, analisadas entre julho de 2007 e fevereiro de 2008) e grupo II (287 gestantes, analisadas de março a outubro de 2008). No grupo I, foram encontrados 53,1% de gestantes IgG reagente e IgM não reagente, 1,9% de IgG e IgM reagentes, 0,3% de IgG não reagente e IgM reagente e 44,7% de IgG e IgM não reagentes. No grupo II foram 55,1% de IgG reagente e IgM não reagente e 44,9% de IgG e IgM não reagentes. As variáveis associadas à infecção foram: residência em área rural, gestantes entre 35-40 anos de idade, baixa escolaridade, baixa renda familiar, mais de uma gravidez, consumo de água não proveniente do sistema de abastecimento público de água e hábito de manipular terra ou areia. As orientações sobre medidas de prevenção primária e o acompanhamento sorológico trimestral das gestantes no grupo de risco são medidas importantes para prevenir a toxoplasmose congênita

Toxoplasma gondii: II. Tachyzoite antigenic characterization of eigth strains

Oito amostras de T. gondii - LIV IV, LIV V e S 11 isoladas de suínos, RH e VPS de seres humanos, AS 28 de camundongo, HV III de cão e CN de gato - foram analisadas com o objetivo de verificar a existência de possíveis diferenças na resposta imune quando inoculadas em coelhos. Através da técnica de ELISA, não foram constatadas diferenças entre as oito amostras estudadas. Todas as amostras reagiram de forma semelhante com soros homólogos e heterólogos. A suspensão antigênica, constituída de extrato celular total, mostrou-se eficiente no ELISA teste indireto, já que os soros positivos reagiram fortemente e os soros negativos não apresentaram reação contra os antígenos testados. A análise das amostras, pela técnica de Western blot, revelou que os isolados de T. gondii compartilham vários antígenos com algumas variações. Dentre as bandas reconhecidas no Western blot, três foram comuns a todas as amostras: a p33 (33-37 kDa), p54 (52-55 kDa) e a p66 (66 kDa). A amostra HV III, isolada recentemente de um cão, foi a que mais diferiu no perfil antigênico. Essa amostra não apresentou três antígenos (50, 70 e 75 kDa) presentes nas demais amostras. Apenas dois antígenos, um de 62 kDa da CN e outro de 67 kDa da LIV IV, foram amostra-específicos.Eight Toxoplasma gondii strains were analyzed using ELISA and Western blot techniques, in order to demonstrate possible immunological differences. The analyzed strains were: LIV IV, LIV V and S 11 isolated from swine, RH and VPS from a human being, AS 28 from a wild mouse, HV III from a dog and CN from a cat. With the ELISA assay the eight strains showed similar reactivity with homologous and heterologous sera. The antigenic suspension, consisting of total cellular extract of tachyzoites, was effective in the indirect ELISA assay, with the positive sera reacting strongly and the negative not reacting with the antigens. The Western blot analysis showed that the T. gondii strains have similar antigenic profiles with a few variations. Three bands were observed in all strains: one of about 33 kDa (p33), another of 54 kDa (p54) and a third one of 66 kDa (p66). The HV III strain, isolated from a dog, did not show three antigens (50, 70 and 75 kDa) that were present in the others. However, this difference was not detected by the ELISA assay. Only two antigens (62 kDa of the CN and 67 kDa of the LIV IV) were strain-specific antigens

Presence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in slaughter horses in Brazil

The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies using an indirect immunofluorescence technique in the serum of equidae slaughtered in two slaughterhouses registered with the Federal Inspection Service. Titers greater than 40 were considered reagents. Blood samples were collected from 398 animals of both sexes, with different ages, and coming from six Brazilian states, of which 46.0% (183/398) were reactive, indicating that these animals were exposed to the leishmaniasis agent that is widely distributed in Brazil

Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Londrina, Paraná - investigation and case report

Dogs are considered the main reservoirs of visceral leishmaniasis for humans, which also present a chronic and severe clinical picture when affected. The objective of the present report was to describe a canine visceral leishmaniasis case diagnosed in Londrina, an indene city, and its investigation. A street animal with extensive dermatological lesions, onychogryphosis, mild anemia and leukopenia was attended at a veterinary hospital in Londrina, where positivity was reported for Leishmania spp. in serological tests. Cytology was positive in bone marrow, PCR and parasite culture were positive in skin, spleen, liver, lymph node and bone marrow, and DNA sequencing confirmed the species of the parasite as L. (L.) infantum. The official diagnosis was made by the Central Laboratory of Paraná (LACEN), and through an official report, an investigation of the case was started for the confirmation of autochthony. An active search for the vector and other canine cases in the neighborhood was carried out along with a search for information on the origin of the animal in question. However, the species, Lutzomyia longipalpis, new canine cases, or origin of the sick animal were not identified. Although, the present case cannot be confirmed as autochthonous, we suggest that it is necessary to disseminate the present report to serve as a warning to veterinarians and other public health professionals in the northern region of Paraná to be attentive to suspicious cases and to not fail to investigate these cases to the end

Descriptive molecular epidemiology study of Giardia duodenalis in children of Parana State, Brazil

Background and aims: We investigated the children of Parana State, Brazil the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and the associated factors involved in the transmission of intestinal parasites, and we genotyped the Giardia duodenalis isolates obtained. Methods: Fecal samples were analyzed by established microscopic methods. G. duodenalis positive samples were subjected to genotypic characterization by PCR amplification of sequences of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene (gdh) and by enzymatic digestion with the restriction enzyme NlaIV for classification of genotypes. Results: Of the 877 samples tested, 41% were positive for some intestinal parasitosis, the most common being the presence of protozoa (87.8%). Lack of basic sanitation and poor health education were associated for the intestinal parasite cases found, and the only associated factor for giardiasis was low family income. The G. duodenalis assemblages of gdh amplified samples were 68.6% B and 31.4% AII. Conclusion: These data demonstrate the importance of epidemiological studies for the development of effective strategies with the aim of decreasing the incidence of intestinal parasites in children. Moreover, these results contribute to our knowledge of G. duodenalis assemblages circulating in the world and also offer support for future work on the molecular and clinical aspects of giardiasis

Maxwell's Equations in the Myers-Perry Geometry

We demonstrate separability of the Maxwell's equations in the Myers-Perry-(A)dS geometry and derive explicit solutions for various polarizations. Application of our construction to the four-dimensional Kerr black hole leads to a new ansatz for the Maxwell field which has significant advantages over the previously known parameterization.Comment: 94 pages. V2: Appendix F added, typos fixe

Factors associated to infection by Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women attended in Basic Health Units in the city of Rolândia, Paraná, Brazil

The aim of the present work was to determine the prevalence of IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and the factors associated to the infection in pregnant women attended in Basic Health Units in Rolândia, Paraná, Brazil. The sample was divided in two groups: group I (320 pregnant women who were analyzed from July 2007 to February 2008) and group II (287 pregnant women who were analyzed from March to October 2008). In group I, it was found 53.1% of pregnant women with IgG reactive and IgM non-reactive, 1.9% with IgG and IgM reactive, 0.3% with IgG non-reactive and IgM reactive and 44.7% with IgG and IgM non-reactive. In group II, it was found 55.1% with IgG reactive and IgM non-reactive and 44.9% with IgG and IgM non-reactive. The variables associated to the presence of IgG antibodies were: residence in rural areas, pregnant women between 35-40 years old, low educational level, low family income, more than one pregnancy, drinking water which does not originate from the public water supply system and the habit of handling soil or sand. Guidance on primary prevention measures and the quarterly serological monitoring of the pregnant women in the risk group are important measures to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis