Baryon Self-Energy With QQQ Bethe-Salpeter Dynamics In The Non-Perturbative QCD Regime: n-p Mass Difference

A qqq BSE formalism based on DB{\chi}S of an input 4-fermion Lagrangian of `current' u,d quarks interacting pairwise via gluon-exchange-propagator in its {\it non-perturbative} regime, is employed for the calculation of baryon self-energy via quark-loop integrals. To that end the baryon-qqq vertex function is derived under Covariant Instantaneity Ansatz (CIA), using Green's function techniques. This is a 3-body extension of an earlier q{\bar q} (2-body) result on the exact 3D-4D interconnection for the respective BS wave functions under 3D kernel support, precalibrated to both q{\bar q} and qqq spectra plus other observables. The quark loop integrals for the neutron (n) - proton (p) mass difference receive contributions from : i) the strong SU(2) effect arising from the d-u mass difference (4 MeV); ii) the e.m. effect of the respective quark charges. The resultant n-p difference comes dominantly from d-u effect (+1.71 Mev), which is mildly offset by e.m.effect (-0.44), subject to gauge corrections. To that end, a general method for QED gauge corrections to an arbitrary momentum dependent vertex function is outlined, and on on a proportionate basis from the (two-body) kaon case, the net n-p difference works out at just above 1 MeV. A critical comparison is given with QCD sum rules results.Comment: be 27 pages, Latex file, and to be published in IJMPA, Vol 1

An Introduction to Indian Standards on Ferro Alloys

Ferro alloys are used in iron and steel industries fordegassification orfor alloying the cast with the desired elements. They are produced with least possible impurities so that their introduction in the melt does not lead to large quantities of impurities in the material. Their sizes are also required to be controlled so that they produce least segregation in the melt within the time frame of processing and so on. The availability of raw materials for manufacturing the Ferro alloys is also an important factor to be considered in the standardization process. Ferro alloys have been taken up for standardization coinciding with the standardization process of iron and steel. The standardization process however accelerated on the advent of development of steel industry in the country. The existing standards are subjected to revision as and when need arises to meet the ever changing demands of engineering and technology. The standards are also brought in line with international standards through harnronizations wherever required to help in the international trade. A standard is subjected to review afterf'ine years of its publication towards revision or reaffirmation depending upon the need

Purification and characterization of two major lectins from Vigna mungo (blackgram)

Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) seeds contain two galactose-specific lectins, BGL-I and BGL-II. BGL-I was partially purified into two monomeric lectins which were designated as BGL-I-1 (94 kDa) and BGL-I-2 (89 kDa). BGL-II is a monomeric lectin of 83 kDA. The purified lectins were associated with galactosidase activities. BGL-I-1 and BGL-II were copurified with α-galactosidase activity while BGL-I-2 was largely associated with β-galactosidase activity. These lectins agglutinate trypsin treated rabbit erythrocytes, but not the human erythrocytes of A, B or O groups. They were stable between pH 3.5 and 7.5 for their agglutination. The lectins did not show any metalion requirement. They were inactivated at 50°C. The lectin activity was inhibited by D-galactose (0.1 mM). The Scatchard plots of galactose binding to these lectins are nonlinear and biphasic curves indicative of multiple binding sites. The data show that the monomeric lectins have both lectin and galactosidase activities suggestive of a bifunctional protein

Walk2Map: Extracting Floor Plans from Indoor Walk Trajectories

Recent years have seen a proliferation of new digital products for the efficient management of indoor spaces, with important applications like emergency management, virtual property showcasing and interior design. While highly innovative and effective, these products rely on accurate 3D models of the environments considered, including information on both architectural and non-permanent elements. These models must be created from measured data such as RGB-D images or 3D point clouds, whose capture and consolidation involves lengthy data workflows. This strongly limits the rate at which 3D models can be produced, preventing the adoption of many digital services for indoor space management. We provide a radical alternative to such data-intensive procedures by presenting Walk2Map, a data-driven approach to generate floor plans only from trajectories of a person walking inside the rooms. Thanks to recent advances in data-driven inertial odometry, such minimalistic input data can be acquired from the IMU readings of consumer-level smartphones, which allows for an effortless and scalable mapping of real-world indoor spaces. Our work is based on learning the latent relation between an indoor walk trajectory and the information represented in a floor plan: interior space footprint, portals, and furniture. We distinguish between recovering area-related (interior footprint, furniture) and wall-related (doors) information and use two different neural architectures for the two tasks: an image-based Encoder-Decoder and a Graph Convolutional Network, respectively. We train our networks using scanned 3D indoor models and apply them in a cascaded fashion on an indoor walk trajectory at inference time. We perform a qualitative and quantitative evaluation using both trajectories simulated from scanned models of interiors and measured, real-world trajectories, and compare against a baseline method for image-to-image translation. The experiments confirm that our technique is viable and allows recovering reliable floor plans from minimal walk trajectory data