Quantum Information Paradox: Real or Fictitious?

One of the outstanding puzzles of theoretical physics is whether quantum information indeed gets lost in the case of Black Hole (BH) evaporation or accretion. Let us recall that Quantum Mechanics (QM) demands an upper limit on the acceleration of a test particle. On the other hand, it is pointed out here that, if a Schwarzschild BH would exist, the acceleration of the test particle would blow up at the event horizon in violation of QM. Thus the concept of an exact BH is in contradiction of QM and quantum gravity (QG). It is also reminded that the mass of a BH actually appears as an INTEGRATION CONSTANT of Einstein equations. And it has been shown that the value of this integration constant is actually zero. Thus even classically, there cannot be finite mass BHs though zero mass BH is allowed. It has been further shown that during continued gravitational collapse, radiation emanating from the contracting object gets trapped within it by the runaway gravitational field. As a consequence, the contracting body attains a quasi-static state where outward trapped radiation pressure gets balanced by inward gravitational pull and the ideal classical BH state is never formed in a finite proper time. In other words, continued gravitational collapse results in an "Eternally Collapsing Object" which is a ball of hot plasma and which is asymptotically approaching the true BH state with M=0 after radiating away its entire mass energy. And if we include QM, this contraction must halt at a radius suggested by highest QM acceleration. In any case no EH is ever formed and in reality, there is no quantum information paradox.Comment: 8 pages in Pramana Style, 6 in Revtex styl

Radiation Pressure Supported Stars in Einstein Gravity: Eternally Collapsing Objects

Even when we consider Newtonian stars, i.e., stars with surface gravitational redshift, z<< 1, it is well known that, theoretically, it is possible to have stars, supported against self-gravity, almost entirely by radiation pressure. However, such Newtonian stars must necessarily be supermassive. We point out that this requirement for excessive large M, in Newtonian case, is a consequence of the occurrence of low z<< 1. On the other hand, if we remove such restrictions, and allow for possible occurrence highly general relativistic regime, z >> 1, we show that, it is possible to have radiation pressure supported stars at arbitrary value of M. Since radiation pressure supported stars necessarily radiate at the Eddington limit, in Einstein gravity, they are never in strict hydrodynamical equilibrium. Further, it is believed that sufficiently massive or dense objects undergo continued gravitational collapse to the Black Hole stage characterized by z =infty. Thus, late stages of Black Hole formation, by definition, will have, z >> 1, and hence would be examples of quasi-stable general relativistic RPSSs. This result is also supported by with our previous finding that that trapped surfaces are not formed in gravitational collapse and the value of the integration constant in the vacuum Schwarzschild solution is zero. Hence the supposed observed BHs are actually ECOs.Comment: Minor chages in proof. Discusses why the observed BHs are actually ECOs and Chandrasekhar limit is not applicable to the

Field-control, phase-transitions, and life's emergence

Instances of critical-like characteristics in living systems at each organizational level as well as the spontaneous emergence of computation (Langton), indicate the relevance of self-organized criticality (SOC). But extrapolating complex bio-systems to life's origins, brings up a paradox: how could simple organics--lacking the 'soft matter' response properties of today's bio-molecules--have dissipated energy from primordial reactions in a controlled manner for their 'ordering'? Nevertheless, a causal link of life's macroscopic irreversible dynamics to the microscopic reversible laws of statistical mechanics is indicated via the 'functional-takeover' of a soft magnetic scaffold by organics (c.f. Cairns-Smith's 'crystal-scaffold'). A field-controlled structure offers a mechanism for bootstrapping--bottom-up assembly with top-down control: its super-paramagnetic components obey reversible dynamics, but its dissipation of H-field energy for aggregation breaks time-reversal symmetry. The responsive adjustments of the controlled (host) mineral system to environmental changes would bring about mutual coupling between random organic sets supported by it; here the generation of long-range correlations within organic (guest) networks could include SOC-like mechanisms. And, such cooperative adjustments enable the selection of the functional configuration by altering the inorganic network's capacity to assist a spontaneous process. A non-equilibrium dynamics could now drive the kinetically-oriented system towards a series of phase-transitions with appropriate organic replacements 'taking-over' its functions.Comment: 54 pages, pdf fil

Interlinked 3D and 4D 3-Quark Wave Functions in a Bethe-Salpeter Model

Using the method of Green's functions within the framework of a Bethe-Salpeter formalism characterized by a pairwise $qq$ interaction with a 3D support to its kernel (expressed in a Lorentz-covariant manner), the 4D BS wave function for a system of three identical relativistic spinless quarks is reconstructed from the corresponding 3D form which satisfies a {\it fully connected} 3D BSE. This result is a 3-body generalization of a similar interconnection between the 3D and 4D 2-body wave functions that had been found earlier under identical conditions of a 3D support to the corresponding BS kernel, using the ansatz of Covariant Instaneity for the pairwise $q\bar q$ interaction. The generalization from spinless to fermion quarks is straightforward.Comment: 13 pages, Latex. e.mail: [email protected]

Can Environmental Decoherence be Reversed for an Open Quantum System in a Magnetic field ?

A simple model is considered for an open system consisting of an aggregation of magnetic particles (like greigite) in the presence of a magnetic field (H), and interacting linearly with a bath of 3D harmonic oscillators. Using the Feynman-Vernon formalism, as given in Weiss (termed FVW), the time-evolved reduced density matrix (after eliminating the bath d.o.f.'s), is examined for environmental decoherence as defined in the FVW formalism. While decoherence is usually positive for most two-way couplings with the enviroment, it is found that a $three-way$ interaction involving the system plus bath plus H-field all together, can facilitate a $reversal$ of sign of this quantity! This may have implications for quantum coherence based phenomena on the origins of life.Comment: 8 pages on pd

Minimum Of QCD Effective Action As Test Of QCD Confinement Parameter

A new approach to the non-perturbative regime of QCD is proposed by introducing a (non-hermitian) field $B$ related to the usual gluon field $A$ by $B_\mu$ = $(1+ \sigma \partial_m) A_\mu$ where $m$ goes to zero after differentiation, and $\sigma$ is a parameter which `runs' with momentum ($k$). An exact treatment yields a structure $[1/k^2 + 2\mu^2/k^4]$ for the gluon propagator, where $\sigma^2$ =$\pi k^4/9\mu^2\alpha_s$, showing $linear$ confinement in the instantaneous limit. This propagator was recently employed to evaluate some basic condensates and their temperature dependence (in the cosmological context), which were all reproduced for $\mu = 1GeV$ (termed the `confinement scale parameter'), in association with the QCD scale parameter $\Lambda_{qcd}= 200 MeV$ [hep-ph/0109278]. This paper seeks to provide a formal basis for the ratio $\Lambda_{qcd} / \mu$ by employing the minimality condition for the $integrated$ effective action $\Gamma$, up to the 2-loop level, using the Cornwall-Jackiw formalism for composite operators. To that end the mass function $m(p)$, determined via the Schwinger-Dyson equation (as a zero of the functional derivative of $\Gamma$ w.r.t $S_F'$), acts as a feeder, and the stationarity condition on $\Gamma$ as function of $\mu$ and $\alpha_s(\mu)$ gives the ratio $\Lambda /\mu$ = 0.246, in fair accord with the value 0.20 given above. Inclusion of a two-loop $\Gamma$ is crucial for the agreement. \\ Keywords: confinement scale, QCD effective action, minimality condition, $B$-field.Comment: LaTex file, 12 pages on dv