4,144 research outputs found
Products Liability, Consumer Misperceptions, and Market Power
This paper compares alternative liability rules for allocating losses from defective products when consumers under- estimate these losses and producers may have some market power. If producers do not have any market power, the rule of strict liability .leads to both the first-best accident probability and industry output. If producers do have some market power, strict liability still leads to the first-best accident probability, but there will now be too little output of the industry. It is shown that if market power is sufficiently large, a negligence rule is preferable. Under this rule, firms can still be induced to choose the first-best accident probability, but now the remaining damages are borne by consumers. Since consumers underestimate these damages, they buy more than under strict liability. However, there is a limit to how much the negligence rule can encourage extra consumption. It is shown that if market power is sufficiently large, the rule of no liability may then be preferred to the negligence rule. Without any liability imposed, producers will not choose the first-best accident probability. However, this may be more than compensated for by the increased output of the industry.
Circular 40
For cooperation and assistance in the work reported here, we gratefully acknowledge Dr.
William Burgoyne, State of Alaska Division of Environmental Conservation and Mr. Delon
Brown, USDA, Alaska Crop and Livestock Reporting Service. We especially appreciate the efforts
of numerous pesticide manufacturers, distributors, dealers, and users who took the necessary
time to provide information essential for this compilation. Richard Maxwell, Agricultural Chemicals
Specialist, Cooperative Extension Service, Washington State University, provided difficult to
locate pesticide label information. The editors of Farm Chemicals Handbook, 1980, provided the
list of preferred names as well as information regarding general application of pesticide products.Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Reference -- Pesticide Use in Alaska, 197
Culture for Service
Community Service Learning promotes active citizenship and addresses community needs through youth service. It is an educational process which involves young people in their own learning as they give valuable service to the community. Research has shown that numerous benefits accrue from the practice of service learning. Students\u27 level of social responsibility increases, their critical thinking skills improve, and they become more competent in their subject matter. Teachers are able to combine instruction with real-world experiences. Educational institutions are able to link significant academic concerns with major community problems and improve community relationships
CONTACT TIME, JUMP HEIGHT, AND REACTIVE STRENGTH INDEX DURING DROP JUMPS IN WATER, ON PADDED AND NONPADDED CONDITIONS
Twelve athletes, who routinely used plyometric exercises, performed drop jumps from 46 cm in water, on padded (5 cm thick wrestling mat), and unpadded conditions. GRF
obtained via force platform and video analysis of markers placed along the leg were used to compare contact time (CT), flight time (FT), jump height calculated from flight time (JHFT) and video data (JHVIDEO), and reactive strength index (RSI) from both calculation
techniques (RSIFT and RSIVIDEO). One-way Repeated Measures ANOVA indicated significant difference in CT but not FT. Two-way Repeated Measures ANOVA indicated differences in calculation technique for JH and RSI. Results indicate faults in current
technique used to sample CT and JH when comparing plyometrics in and out of water
Creation of an isolated turbulent blob fed by vortex rings
Turbulence is hard to control. A plethora of experimental methods have been
developed to generate this ephemeral state of matter, leading to fundamental
insights into its statistical and structural features as well as its onset at
ever higher Reynolds numbers. In all cases however, the central role played by
the material boundaries of the apparatus poses a challenge on understanding
what the turbulence has been fed, and how it would freely evolve. Here, we
build and control a confined state of turbulence using only elemental building
blocks: vortex rings. We create a stationary and isolated blob of turbulence
(=50-300) in a quiescent environment, initiated and sustained
solely by vortex rings. We assemble a full picture of its three-dimensional
structure, onset, energy budget and tunability. Crucially, the incoming vortex
rings can be endowed with conserved quantities, such as helicity, which can
then be controllably transferred to the turbulent state. Our `one eddy at a
time' approach paves the way for sculpting turbulent flows much as a state of
matter, `printing' it at a targeted position, localizing it, and ultimately
harnessing it. Our work paves the way to gaining a complete picture of this
ephemeral state of flow.Comment: 68 pages, 43 figures, manuscript and supplementary informatio
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