471 research outputs found

    Dietary protein restriction in patients with chronic renal failure

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    Saulo Klahr: third editor of Kidney International—in memoriam

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    Metabolic abnormalities in acute renal failure, influence on nutritional management

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    No abstract available

    Malnutrition: a frequent misdiagnosis for hemodialysis patients

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    Manifesto

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    Manuscript Studies is a new journal that embraces the full complexity of global manuscript studies in the digital age. It has been conceived with four main goals in mind. First, to bridge the gaps between material and digital manuscript research; second, to break down the walls which often separate print and digital publication and serve as barriers between academics, professionals in the cultural heritage field, and citizen scholars; third, to serve as a forum for scholarship encompassing many pre-modern manuscripts cultures—not just those of Europe; and finally to showcase methods and techniques of analysis in manuscript studies that can be applied across different subject areas

    Taxation of Oil and Gas in the United States 1970-1997

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    This article provides an extensive examination of all major types of taxes and royalties levied on the oil and gas industry by federal, state, and local governments in the United States during the 1970-1997 period. Important taxes levied on the oil and gas industry can be grouped into three broad categories based on their effects on resource extraction: (1) production, (2) property, and (3) income. Reliance on these three types of taxes differs substantially among the eight key states responsible for about 73 percent of U.S. oil and 83 percent of U.S. gas production (Alaska, California, Kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, and Wyoming). A detailed comparison of differences in institutional structure and effective tax rates for the eight major oil and gas producing states is presented

    Long-term effects of a new ketoacid–amino acid supplement in patients with chronic renal failure

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    Long-term effects of a new ketoacid–amino acid supplement in patients with chronic renal failure. Nine patients with severe chronic renal failure (mean glomerular filtration rate 4.8 ml/min; mean serum creatinine 11.3 mg/dl) who were previously on a protein-restricted diet were treated with a diet containing an average of 33 kcal/kg and 22.5 g/day of mixed quality protein, supplemented by a combination of amino acids and mixed salts formed between basic amino acids and keto-analogues of essential amino acids. The supplement was designed to minimize or reverse the amino acid abnormalities of chronic renal failure rather than to meet the normal requirements for the essential amino acids; it contained tyrosine, ornithine, and a high proportion of branched-chain ketoacids, but no phenylalanine or tryptophan and very little methionine. Within one month, serum urea nitrogen fell and serum albumin and transferrin rose significantly; serum creatinine fell slightly. Hyperphosphatemia (present in three patients) was corrected. Nitrogen balance, measured in seven of the nine patients, on the average was neutral, as it was in a preceding control period on a 40 to 50 g/day protein diet. Plasma tyrosine and threonine, which were subnormal before therapy, rose to normal or high normal levels. Branched-chain amino acids did not change. During a total of 63 patient-months of therapy, no side effects or toxicity were observed, and serum albumin and transferrin did not change further. It is concluded that this specially designed supplement added to a 20 to 25 g/d protein diet is an acceptable regimen which can improve or maintain protein nutrition in patients with severe chronic renal failure who would otherwise require dialysis.Effet à long terme d'un nouveau mélange de cétoacides – d'amino acides chez des malades ayant une insuffisance rénale chronique. Neuf malades ayant une insuffisance rénale chronique sévère (filtration glomérulaire moyenne 4,8 ml/mn, créatininémie moyenne 11,3 mg/dl) recevant préalablement un régime pauvre en protéines, ont été traités avec un régime apportant en moyenne 33 kcal/kg et 22,5 g/j de protéines mixtes, auquel a été ajouté un mélange d'acides aminés et de sels d'acides aminés basiques et de céto-analogues d'acides aminés essentiels. Ce supplément a été conçu plus pour diminuer ou supprimer les anomalies des acides aminés au cours de l'insuffisance rénale chronique que pour fournir les besoins normaux en acides aminés essentiels; il contenait de la tyrosine, de l'ornithine et une grande proportion de cétoacides à chaînes ramifiées, mais ni phénylalanine, ni tryptophane, et très peu de méthionine. En moins d'un mois, l'azote uréique plasmatique a baissé; la sérum albumine et la transférine se sont élevées significativement, la créatininémie a légèrement diminué. L'hyperphosphatémie (présente chez trois malades) a été corrigée. La balance azotée, mesurée chez sept des neuf malades était nulle en moyenne, comme elle l'était au cours de la période contrôle précédente, avec un régime comportant 40 à 50 g/j de protéines. La tyrosine et la thréonine plasmatiques, inférieures à la normale avant traitement, se sont normalisées, ou ont atteint des valeurs à la limite supérieure de la normale. Il n'y a pas eu de modification des concentrations d'acides aminés à chaînes ramifiées. Pendant un traitement durant au total 63 mois-malade, il n'a pas été observé d'effet secondaire ni de toxicité, et il n'y a pas eu d'autre modification de l'albumine ou de la transferrine plasmatique. Il est conclu que ce mélange spécialement conçu, rajouté à un régime apportant 20 à 25 g/j de protéines constitue un régime acceptable, permettant d'améliorer ou de maintenir l'apport protidique chez des malades ayant une insuffisance rénale chronique sévère qui, autrement, nécessiteraient la dialyse

    Zinc sulfide as a solid phase additive for improving the processing characteristics of ferrihydrite residues

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    The effect of ZnS powders as additives for improving the physical and chemical properties of ferrihydrite residues has been studied in both kinetic and batch experiments. Four ZnS samples were compared: two industrial ZnS concentrates, high purity ZnS pieces, and a sample of synthetic ZnS nanoparticles. The industrial ZnS concentrates were found to be the most effective for promoting the transformation of ferrihydrite to hematite, and this effect was found to be due to their lower surface charge at pH 3, which promotes formation of mixed ZnS/ferrihydrite aggregates. For the high purity ZnS samples, aggregation was not favoured, and only goethite formation was promoted. The effect of particle size of the ZnS additive was also studied, and it was found that samples of smaller average particle size were more effective in promoting phase transformation. Measurement of filtration times and moisture content of ferrihydrite residues precipitated in the presence of ZnS showed only minor improvement in physical handling and indicated that better control of surface properties of the additive would be needed to optimise its effect on phase transformation
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