Development of Waste Management Culture

Development of any culture is a time consuming exercise. However, the civilized world has been developing different kinds of cultures depending upon the necessity of the time prevailing. The development of waste management/minization culture is the need of the day and the techniques opted are obviously of pollution prevention/control. Pollution generated by anthropogenic wastes has grown to horrifying levels. Though the subject is vast and general, the scope of the paper has been confined to the industrial sector only. Zones of improvements are varied and numerous like energy, raw materials, process conditions, waste genera-tion etc. Inculcation of waste minimization culture amon-gst workers and managers has been discussed. Since devel-opment of a relatively new culture is a prolonged process, it has to be introduced in the grass root level from the very beginning. However, it is never too late to introduce such waste management/minization techniques in to the present industries

Role of terms of trade in Indian agricultural growth: a national and state level analysis

Using time series data, this paper analyses the relative contributions of terms of trade and non-price variables in explaining agricultural growth in recent decades in India. Agricultural growth is largely explained by expansion of irrigation, (which in the model is also a proxy for HYVs and other capital investments), and, until the 1970s, by increases in the net cultivated area. Agricultural output is inelastic, and is becoming increasingly more so over time. The terms of trade was not an important factor in explaining past growth. Even during the late 1960s and early 1970s when the terms of trade improved by 18 percent for agriculture, they only accounted for 15 percent of the growth in output. Increases in agricultural output are also found to worsen the terms of trade for agriculture, despite government attempts to control prices. The results highlight the importance of further investments in agricultural research, extension, irrigation and other supply-enhancing inputs if the ongoing policy reforms in India are to translate into more rapid and sustained agricultural growth.Agricultural productivity India., Terms of trade India., Investment of public funds India.,

A fit to the simultaneous broadband spectrum of Cygnus X-1 using the transition disk model

We have used the transition disk model to fit the simultaneous broad band ($2-500$ keV) spectrum of Cygnus X-1 from OSSE and Ginga observations. In this model, the spectrum is produced by saturated Comptonization within the inner region of the accretion disk, where the temperature varies rapidly with radius. In an earlier attempt, we demonstrated the viability of this model by fitting the data from EXOSAT, XMPC balloon and OSSE observations, though these were not made simultaneously. Since the source is known to be variable, however, the results of this fit were not conclusive. In addition, since only once set of observations was used, the good agreement with the data could have been a chance occurrence. Here, we improve considerably upon our earlier analysis by considering four sets of simultaneous observations of Cygnus X-1, using an empirical model to obtain the disk temperature profile. The vertical structure is then obtained using this profile and we show that the analysis is self- consistent. We demonstrate conclusively that the transition disk spectrum is a better fit to the observations than that predicted by the soft photon Comptonization model. Since the temperature profile is obtained by fitting the data, the unknown viscosity mechanism need not be specified. The disk structure can then be used to infer the viscosity parameter $\alpha$, which appears to vary with radius and luminosity. This behavior can be understood if $\alpha$ depends intrinsically on the local parameters such as density, height and temperature. However, due to uncertainties in the radiative transfer, quantitative statements regarding the variation of $\alpha$ cannot yet be made.Comment: 8 figures. uses aasms4.sty, accepted by ApJ (Mar 98

The Scope for Development of Magnesium Industry in India

IN THIS era of "sputniks" and "space flights", weight saving poses to be a problem of prince importance with its direct influence over increasing speed and fuel economy. Magnesium and magnesium base alloys are known to be the lightest structural materials today, and have been employed not only for space research and rocketry but for various types of aero, marine and road trans-portation vehicles

Metallic sewing needle ingestion presenting as acute abdomen

We reported an unusual case of a 26‑year‑old man presenting to surgical emergency as generalized peritonitis following an ingestion of multiple metallic sewing needles. The X‑ray of his abdomen showed pneumoperitoneum and multiple metallic foreign bodies in the abdominal cavity. An ultrasonogram of his abdomen showed multiple metallic foreign bodies in the abdominal cavity and urinary bladder. Emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed. On laparotomy, gastric and duodenal perforation was found through which metallic sewing needles were protruding out. A peritoneal lavage was done, and all the sewing needles were extracted from the perforation site, paracolic gutter, liver parenchyma, and urinary bladder. The primary repair of the perforation with omental patching was done with the drainage of subhepatic space and pelvic cavity. These multiple ingested sewing needles led to the perforation of the stomach and the duodenum, which resulted in perforation peritonitis.Keywords: Foreign body, gastrointestinal tract, metallic sewing needles, schizophrenia, X‑rayNigerian Journal of Clinical Practice • Oct-Dec 2013 • Vol 16 • Issue

Studies on the Flotation of Mixed Oxide-Sulphide Ores of Copper from Malanjkhand Deposit India.

Bench scale experiments on the benefition of a mixed oxide-sulphide ore of copper from Malanjkhand deposit of Hindusthan Copper Limited, India conducted with certain modifications in collector systems within the limits of existing plant operating conditions yielded better metallurgical results. Sodium isopropyl xanthate (IPX) and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) were tried as collectors along with modifiers, such, as, sodium silicate,Magnafloc guargum, and were optimised. All the variables such as concentration, pH of the slurry were stematically studied. Improved metallurgical results were obtained with isopropyl xanthate in combination with sodium silicate guargum at pH 9.0. The results were also equally good with dithiocarbamate,a chemisorbing collector

Fermionic realization of two-parameter quantum affine algebra Ur,s(sln)U_{r,s}({sl_n})

We construct all fundamental modules for the two parameter quantum affine algebra of type $A$ using a combinatorial model of Young diagrams. In particular we also give a fermionic realization of the two-parameter quantum affine algebra

On 'Light' Fermions and Proton Stability in 'Big Divisor' D3/D7 Swiss Cheese Phenomenology

Building up on our earlier work [1,2], we show the possibility of generating "light" fermion mass scales of MeV-GeV range (possibly related to first two generations of quarks/leptons) as well as eV (possibly related to first two generations of neutrinos) in type IIB string theory compactified on Swiss-Cheese orientifolds in the presence of a mobile space-time filling D3-$brane restricted to (in principle) stacks of fluxed D7-branes wrapping the "big" divisor \Sigma_B. This part of the paper is an expanded version of the latter half of section 3 of a published short invited review [3] written up by one of the authors [AM]. Further, we also show that there are no SUSY GUT-type dimension-five operators corresponding to proton decay, as well as estimate the proton lifetime from a SUSY GUT-type four-fermion dimension-six operator to be 10^{61} years. Based on GLSM calculations in [1] for obtaining the geometric Kaehler potential for the "big divisor", using further the Donaldson's algorithm, we also briefly discuss in the first of the two appendices, obtaining a metric for the Swiss-Cheese Calabi-Yau used, that becomes Ricci flat in the large volume limit.Comment: v2: 1+25 pages, Title modified and text thoroughly expanded including a brief discussion on obtaining Ricci-flat Swiss Cheese Calabi-Yau metrics using the Donaldson's algorithm, references added, to appear in EPJ

Bronchoalveolar lavage study in victims of toxic gas leak at Bhopal

Bronchoalveolar lavage using flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope was carried out in 50 patients 1-2½ yr after exposure to the ‘toxic gas’ at Bhopal. Thirty six patients in the analysis were categorised into 3 groups (viz., mild, moderate and severe), depending upon the severity of exposure. There was an increase in cellularity in the lower respiratory tract (alveolitis) of the severely exposed patients (in both smokers and non-smokers), compared to normals (P< 0.05). The increase in cellularity in severely exposed non-smokers was due to abnormal accumulation of macrophages (P<0.01), and in severely exposed smokers, to macrophages (P<0.01) and neutrophils (P<0.05). Mild and moderately exposed patients did not show significant change in cellularity in lower respiratory tract, compared to normal individuals (P>0.2). There was a trend towards increasing cellularity, as the severity increased (P < 0.0001) and higher numbers of total cells were seen in severely exposed smokers, suggesting that smoking is a risk factor. It appears, therefore, that subjects severely exposed to the toxic gas at Bhopal may have a subclinical alveolitis characterised by accumulation and possibly activation of macrophages in the lower respiratory tract. Smokers, who were exposed to the gas had in addition, accumulation of neutrophils