The Monitoring of the Livestock Product Market for the Formation of Food Security

Introduction. The imbalance of the livestock product market due to significant challenges, such as large-scale military actions, reduced purchasing power, and changes in citizens' diets, presents other threats to food security. The influx of threats leads not only to a significant differentiation in the balance of demand and supply for meat and meat products by regions and strata of the population but also to a significant dynamism of the entire livestock market. This determines the need for changes in the methodology for monitoring and evaluating dynamic changes in the parameters affecting the production and consumption of livestock products. Aim and tasks. This study aims to establish the peculiarities of monitoring the livestock market under significant dynamic changes in the main parameters affecting production and consumption volumes. The objectives of this study were to establish integral trends in the production of the main types of livestock products and to develop a mathematical model for evaluating the balance of production and consumption of livestock products. Results. A break in the trend of stability of the pig and poultry population in 2021 and the continuation of the long-term trend of reduction in the cattle population was established, as evidenced by changes in the number of animals from 2023 to 2021: for cattle, by 20%; for pigs, by 16%; and for poultry, by 11%. This indicates that significant short-term fluctuations in influencing factors cause the production and consumption forecasts to be irrelevant. The influence of threats determines the deformation of markets for the production and consumption of livestock. This necessitates assessing dynamic changes in parameters affecting the volume of production and consumption of livestock products and the prompt formation of forecasts. Conclusions. The developed mathematical model for assessing the balance of production and consumption of livestock products allows for considering dynamic changes in the main parameters of influence, which ensures the relevance of forecasts. This will enable prompt implementation of measures to regulate food security

Development of small hydroenergy in Ukraine and its legal regulation

The state and prospects of small hydropower development in the context of rationalization of the use of available natural resource potential of Ukraine were considered. It was established that due to insignificant specific weight in the general energy balance, small hydropower cannot significantly affect the structure of energy supply of the country. Attention was drawn to the fact that the adopted State Target Economic Program for Energy Efficiency and the Development of Energy Saving for Renewable Energy Sources and Alternative Fuels for 2010-2020 will promote the use of the potential of small rivers and the development of hydropower. It was noted that the conducted calculations for the future with the help of correlation analysis of installed capacities and production of electricity by small hydropower objects showed that in 2020, at the current rate of development of small hydropower, the planned indicators will not be achieved. The legal principles of functioning of the market of electric energy and formation of relations connected with the development of small hydropower, which are regulated by the Laws of Ukraine and other legislative acts in the field of fuel and energy complex were described