Luck that is Twirling in the Sky: Utility of Drones in the Farming Sector

The road to efficiency, efficacy is important for sustainability. It’ll take goals, strategies, and simulations with techniques to compliment development alternatives.  One is the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Its utilities are many...in resolving logistic objectives to acquire inputs to act and control procedures for desired outcome with depth over distances. It is examined for use in cultivation in developing India situation. Unless the agricultural wars would reach our door-step that we cannot turn away from. India would rather bargain on a flight plan to UAV and not just make do with a game of leapfrog. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.358404

Oxidative Stress in Neurodegeneration

It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress has a ubiquitous role in neurodegenerative diseases. Major source of oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) is related to mitochondria as an endogenous source. Although there is ample evidence from tissues of patients with neurodegenerative disorders of morphological, biochemical, and molecular abnormalities in mitochondria, it is still not very clear whether the oxidative stress itself contributes to the onset of neurodegeneration or it is part of the neurodegenerative process as secondary manifestation. This paper begins with an overview of how oxidative stress occurs, discussing various oxidants and antioxidants, and role of oxidative stress in diseases in general. It highlights the role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The last part of the paper describes the role of oxidative stress causing deregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) hyperactivity associated with neurodegeneration

Constraining f(T,T)f(T,\mathcal{T}) gravity from dynamical system analysis

The dynamical system analysis of the cosmological models in $f(T,\mathcal{T})$ gravity, where $T$ and $\mathcal{T}$ respectively represents the torsion scalar and trace of the energy-momentum tensor has been investigated. It demonstrates how first-order autonomous systems can be treated as cosmological equations and analyzed using standard dynamical system theory techniques. Two forms of the function $f(T,\mathcal{T})$ are considered (i) one with the product of trace and higher order torsion scalar and the other (ii) linear combination of linear trace and squared torsion. For each case, the critical points are derived and their stability as well the cosmological behaviours are shown. In both the models the stable critical points are obtained in the de-Sitter phase whereas in the matter and radiation dominated phase unstable critical points are obtained. At the stable critical points, the deceleration parameter shows the accelerating behaviour of the Universe whereas the equation of state parameter shows the $\Lambda CDM$ behaviour. Finally the obtained Hubble parameter of the models are checked for the cosmological data setsComment: 21 pages, 10 figures. Comments are welcom

Analyzing the geometrical and dynamical parameters of modified Teleparallel-Gauss-Bonnet model

To recreate the cosmological models, we employed the parametrization approach in modified teleparallel Gauss-Bonnet gravity. It has been interesting to apply the parametrization approach to investigate cosmological models. The real benefit of using this method is that the observational data may be incorporated to examine the cosmological models. Several cosmological parameters were examined, such as the Hubble parameter (H), the deceleration parameter (q), and the equation of state (EoS) parameter (w). The results obtained are consistent with recent cosmological findings in the conventional scenario. A transition scenario from a decelerating stage to an accelerating stage of cosmic evolution has been observed. The EoS parameter is also in the quintessence phase, which drives the accelerating expansion of the Universe. Also, we look at the violation of strong energy condition, which has become inevitable in the context of modified gravitational theory. Finally, we have performed the Om(z) diagnostic and also obtained the age of the Universe by using the data from the cosmological observations.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure

MMP9 mediates acute hyperglycemia-induced human cardiac stem cell death by upregulating apoptosis and pyroptosis in vitro

Providing a conducive microenvironment is critical to increase survival of transplanted stem cells in regenerative therapy. Hyperglycemia promotes stem cell death impairing cardiac regeneration in the diabetic heart. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of high glucose-induced stem cell death is important for improving cardiac regeneration in diabetic patients. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), a collagenase, is upregulated in the diabetic heart, and ablation of MMP9 decreases infarct size in the non-diabetic myocardial infarction heart. In the present study, we aim to investigate whether MMP9 is a mediator of hyperglycemia-induced cell death in human cardiac stem cells (hCSCs) in vitro. We created MMP9−/− hCSCs to test the hypothesis that MMP9 mediates hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and cell death via apoptosis and pyroptosis in hCSCs, which is attenuated by the lack of MMP9. We found that hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress and increased cell death by promoting pyroptosis and apoptosis in hCSCs, which was prevented in MMP9−/− hCSCs. These findings revealed a novel intracellular role of MMP9 in mediating stem cell death and provide a platform to assess whether MMP9 inhibition could improve hCSCs survival in stem cell therapy at least in acute hyperglycemic microenvironment

Influence of three parameters on maximum mass and stability of strange star under linear f(Q)−f(Q)-action

This study simulates strange stars in $f(Q)$ gravity with an additional source under an electric field using gravitational decoupling and the complete Gravitational Decoupling (CGD) technique. By employing the Tolman ansatz and the MIT bag model equation of state (EOS), we explore bounded star configurations derived from the $\theta_0^0 = \rho$ and $\theta_1^1 = p_r$ sectors within the CGD formalism. Our models are subjected to physical viability tests, and we analyze the impact of anisotropy and the electric charge parameter $E_0$ as well as the coupling parameters $\alpha$ and $\beta_1$. Comparisons are made with observational constraints, including GW190814, neutron stars PSR J1614-2230, PSR J1903+6620, Cen X-3 and LMC X-4. Notably, we achieve the presence of a lower "\textit{mass gap}" component by adjusting parameters $\alpha$ and $\beta_1$. Our models exhibit well-behaved mass profiles, internal regularity, and stability, with the absence of gravitational collapse verified through the Buchdahl--Andr\'{e}asson's limit. In addition, we present a detailed physical analysis based on three parameters, $\alpha$ (decoupling strength), $\beta_1$ ($f(Q)$--coupling) and $Q$ (surface charge). This study provides insights into the behavior of compact objects in $f(Q)$ gravity and expands our understanding of strange star configurations within this framework.Comment: 18 pages, 18 figures, Accepted version Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Societ

A unique influenza A (H5N1) virus causing a focal poultry outbreak in 2007 in Manipur, India

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A focal H5N1 outbreak in poultry was reported from Manipur, a north-eastern state, of India, in 2007. The aim of this study was to genetically characterize the Manipur isolate to understand the relationship with other H5N1 isolates and to trace the possible source of introduction of the virus into the country.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Characterization of the complete genome revealed that the virus belonged to clade 2.2. It was distinctly different from viruses of the three EMA sublineages of clade 2.2 but related to isolates from wild migratory waterfowl from Russia, China and Mongolia. The HA gene, had the cleavage site GERRRRKR, earlier reported in whooper swan isolates from Mongolia in 2005. A stop codon at position 29 in the PB1-F2 protein could have implications on the replication efficiency. The acquisition of polymorphisms as seen in recent isolates of 2005–07 from distinct geographical regions suggests the possibility of transportation of H5N1 viruses through migratory birds.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Considering that all eight genes of the earlier Indian isolates belonged to the EMA3 sublineage and similar strains have not been reported from neighbouring countries of the subcontinent, it appears that the virus may have been introduced independently.</p

Transgenic Expression of miR-133a in the Diabetic Akita Heart Prevents Cardiac Remodeling and Cardiomyopathy

Advanced diabetes mellitus (DM) may have both insulin resistance and deficiency (double DM) that accelerates diabetic cardiomyopathy (DMCM), a cardiac muscle disorder. Reduced cardiac miR-133a, a cardioprotective miRNA, is associated with DMCM. However, it is unclear whether increasing miR-133a levels in the double DM heart could prevent DMCM. We hypothesized that increasing cardiac levels of miR-133a could prevent DMCM in Akita, a mouse model of double DM. To test the hypothesis, we created Akita/miR-133aTg mice, a new strain of Akita where miR-133a is overexpressed in the heart, by crossbreeding male Akita with female cardiac-specific miR-133a transgenic mice. We validated Akita/miR-133aTg mice by genotyping and phenotyping (miR-133a levels in the heart). To determine whether miR-133a overexpression could prevent cardiac remodeling and cardiomyopathy, we evaluated cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and dysfunction (P-V loop) in 13–15 week male WT, Akita, Akita/miR-133aTg, and miR-133aTg mice. Our results revealed that miR-133a overexpression in the Akita heart prevents DM-induced cardiac fibrosis (reduced collagen deposition), hypertrophy (decreased beta-myosin heavy chain), and impaired contractility (downregulated calcium handling protein sarco-endoplasmic reticulum-ATPase-2a). These results demonstrate that increased levels of miR-133a in the DM heart could prevent cardiac remodeling. Our P-V loop analysis showed a trend of decreased cardiac output, stroke volume, and ± dp/dt in Akita, which were blunted in Akita/miR-133aTg heart. These findings suggest that 13–15 week Akita heart undergoes adverse remodeling toward cardiomyopathy, which is prevented by miR-133a overexpression. In addition, increased cardiac miR-133a in the Akita heart did not change blood glucose levels but decreased lipid accumulation in the heart, suggesting inhibition of metabolic remodeling in the heart. Thus, miR-133a could be a promising therapeutic candidate to prevent DMCM

Trajna primjena fitoestrogena daidzeina poboljšava srednji arterijski tlak i vaskularnu funkciju u L-NAME štakora s povećanim krvnim tlakom.

The ‘silent killer’, hypertension, leads to heart disease, stroke, kidney failure and premature death. The phytoestrogen daidzein has been associated with vaso-protective action similar to oestrogen, with minimal side effects. To explore the vaso-protective activity of daidzein and also its effect on mean arterial pressure (MAP), daidzein was chronically administered in N-G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-hypertensive male Wistar rats for 6 weeks. The male Wistar rats were divided into three groups, namely group-A (control), group-B (L-NAME-treated) and group-C (L-NAME+daidzein treated). After completion of 42 days (6 weeks) of daidzein treatment, MAP and vascular activity were observed in all the groups. Daidzein treatment of L-NAME hypertensive rats (group-C) for 6 weeks significantly decreased the MAP (144 mm Hg) as compared to untreated-L-NAME-hypertensive rats/group-B (173.2 mm Hg), indicating the blood-pressure lowering property of daidzein. Also daidzein significantly increased acetylcholine-induced maximal relaxations of the thoracic aorta isolated from daidzein-treated (Emax = 72.55 %) in comparison to untreated-L-NAME-hypertensive rats (Emax = 39.33 %). The results of the present study suggest that chronic administration of daidzein (0.5 mg/kg/day, s.c.) helps to lower blood pressure, as indicated by a decrease in MAP, and also shows vaso-protective action, as indicated by the improvement in ACh-induced relaxation.Hipertenzija kao „tihi ubojica“ dovodi do bolesti srca, moždanog udara, zatajivanja bubrega i prerane smrti. Fitoestrogen daidzein, slično kao i estrogen, djeluje zaštitno na krvne žile uz minimalne popratne učinke. S ciljem istraživanja zaštite krvnih žila, te učinka na krvni tlak (srednji arterijski tlak - SAT), daidzein je tijekom 6 tjedana bio primjenjivan Wistar štakorima s L-NAME - hipertenzijom. Štakori su bili podijeljeni u tri skupine: skupina A (kontrola), skupina B (L-NAME liječena) i skupina C (L-NAME + liječena daidzeinom). Nakon 42 dana liječenja u svim je skupinama bila analizirana funkcija krvnih žila i SAT. Liječenje štakora oboljelih od L-NAME hipertenzije (skupina C) daidzeinom dovelo je do signifikantnog sniženja srednjega arterijskog tlaka (144 mm Hg) u usporedbi s neliječenim oboljelim štakorima iz skupine B (173,2 mm Hg). Navedeno pokazuje učinke daidzeina na snižavanje krvnog tlaka. Osim toga, daidzein dovodi do signifikantnog povećanja maksimalne relaksacije torakalnog dijela aorte izazvane acetilkolinom. To pokazuju vrijednosti u skupini štakora liječenih daidzeinom (Emaks= 72,55 %), u usporedbi sa skupinom neliječenih štakora (Emaks= 39,33 %). Rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju da trajna primjena daidzeina (0,5 mg/kg/dan s.c.) pomaže snižavanju krvnog tlaka, na što upućuje njegova smanjena arterijska vrijednost. Osim toga, opisana primjena daidzeina djeluje zaštitno na krvne žile, jer poboljšava njihovu relaksaciju izazvanu acetilkolinom