Software Cost Estimation using Single Layer Artificial Neural Network

The most challenging task of software project management is the cost estimation. Cost estimation is to accurately assess required assets and schedules for software improvement ventures and it includes a number of things under its wide umbrella, for example, estimation of the size of the software product to be produced, estimation of the effort required, and last but not the least estimating the cost of the project. The overall project life cycle is impacted by the accurate prediction of the software development cost. The COCOMO model makes employments of single layer feed forward neural system while being actualized and prepared to utilize the perceptron learning algorithm. To test and prepare the system the COCOMO dataset is actualized. This paper has the goal of creating the quantitative measure in not only the current model but also in our proposed model

Some Majorization Integral Inequalities for Functions Defined on Rectangles Via Strong Convexity

In this paper, we have extended some integral majorization types and generalized Favard’s inequalities from functions defined on intervals to functions defined on rectangles via strong convexity and apply the results to establish some new integral inequalities for functions defined on rectangles

Morphology of Atmospheric Particles over Semi-Arid Region (Jaipur, Rajasthan) of India: Implications for Optical Properties

The regional dust morphology and spectral refractive indices (RIs; governed by hematite, Fe2O3 content at short wavelengths) are key elements for ascertaining direct radiative forcing of mineral dust aerosols. To provide morphological features of background mineral dust from a semi-arid zone in the vicinity of the Thar Desert, we carried out an expedition to the Jaipur city during late winter of 2012. Morphological analysis reveals the predominance of "Layered", "Angular" and "Flattened" particles, while the frequency distribution of a total of 235 dust particles shows the aspect ratio, AR and circularity parameter, CIR (measures of particle's non-sphericity) typically similar to 1.4 and similar to 0.8, respectively. Sensitivity analysis at 550 nm wavelength reveals the equivalent sphere model may underestimate Single Scattering Albedo, SSA for the dust with low (similar to 1.1%) hematite by similar to 3.5%. Both underestimation (by similar to 5.6%) and overestimation (up to 9.1%) are probable in case of dust with high hematite content (similar to 5.68%). In addition, the effect of AR on the dust scattering is significant in case of dust with high hematite content. More such regionally representative dust morphological data are required for better estimation of regional radiative forcing of mineral dust aerosols

Tec1 Mediates the Pheromone Response of the White Phenotype of Candida albicans: Insights into the Evolution of New Signal Transduction Pathways

The newly evolved pheromone response pathway of the white cell phenotype of the opportunistic human pathogen Candida albicans provides a unique view of how signal transduction pathways evolve

Epidemiological study of road traffic accident cases from Western Nepal

Background: Road Traffic Accident (RTA) is one among the top five causes of morbidity and mortality in South-East Asian countries. [1] Its socioeconomic repercussions are a matter of great concern. Efficient addressing of the issue requires quality information on different causative factors. Research Question: What are different epidemiological determinants of RTA in western Nepal? Objective: To examine the factors associated with RTA. Study Design: Prospective observational. Setting: Study was performed in a tertiary healthcare delivery institute in western Nepal. Participants: 360 victims of RTA who reported to Manipal Teaching hospital in one year. Study Variables: Demographic, human, vehicular, environmental and time factors. Statistical analysis: Percentages, linear and logarithmic trend and Chi-square. Results: Most of the victims i.e. 147 (40.83%) were young (15 to 30 years); from low i.e. 114 (31.66%) and mid i.e. 198 (55%) income families and were passengers i.e. 153 (42.50%) and pedestrians i.e. 105 (29.16%). Sever accidents leading to fatal outcome were associated with personal problems (P< 0.01, χ2 - 8.03), recent or on-day conflicts (P< 0.001, χ2 - 18.88) and some evidence of alcohol consumptions (P< 0.001, χ2 - 30.25). Increased prevalence of RTA was also noticed at beginning i.e. 198 (55%) and end i.e. 69 (19.16%) of journey; in rainy and cloudy conditions (269 i.e. 74.72%) and in evening hours (3 to 7 p.m. 159 i.e. 44.16%). Out of 246 vehicles involved; 162 ( 65.85%) were old and ill maintained. The contributions of old vehicle to fatal injuries were 33 (50%). Head injury was found in 156 (43.33 %) cases and its associated case fatality rate was 90.90%. In spite of a good percentage receiving first aid i.e. 213 (59.16%) after RTA; there was a notable delay (174 i.e. 48.33% admitted after 6 h) in shifting the cases to the hospitals. The estimated total days lost due to hospital stay was 4620 with an average of 12.83 days per each case. Conclusion: Most of the factors responsible for RTA and its fatal consequences are preventable. A comprehensive multipronged approach can mitigate most of them

Kinetic model of Alfven wave in dusty plasma

834-844The kinetic Alfven waves are investigated for the dusty plasma using Maxwell-Boltzmann-Vlasov equations. The dispersion relation and damping rate are derived including the effect of negatively charged dust grain in the magnetized plasma. The effect of ion-gyro radius is included in the analysis for both the regions k1ρi1ρi>1, where k1 the perpendicular wave number is and ρi is the ion-gyro radius. The wave frequency and damping rate are numerically analyzed for auroral acceleration region. It is observed that dust grains modify the wave frequency and damping rate. The effect of dust particle is to increase the wave frequency and enhance the damping rate. It is predicted that energy carried by kinetic Alfven wave observed in plasma sheet boundary layer by different satellites is dissipated in the auroral acceleration region accelerating auroral particle responsible to the auroral emission processes

Exploring the positive aspects of caregiving among family caregivers of the older adults in India

BackgroundCaregiving is a committed role that focuses on providing the required support and care to a care receiver who is either ill, disabled, or dependent to the extent that they are incapable of independent functioning. The topic of caregiving has been extensively studied worldwide, mainly focused on the negative aspects of caregiving, like caregiver stress, burden, role conflicts, and burnout among caregivers. However, limited efforts have been made to understand the positive aspects of caregiving among informal caregivers who spend most of their time in this unpaid role. The present study addresses this concern by exploring the positive aspects of caregiving among family caregivers of older persons in India.MethodologyThis is a qualitative study, which was conducted, using the existential-phenomenological approach. In this study, a purposive sampling technique was used, and a total of a 100 family caregivers participated from four cities in India, namely Prayagraj, Pune, Visakhapatnam, and Guwahati. Twenty-five family caregivers between the age of 30–50  years participated from each of these four cities. The data was collected using six semi-structured interview questions on positive aspects of caregiving based on the lived experiences of caregivers. The interview schedule was developed based on the PERMA model and finalized after the pilot study. Each interview took 30–50 min and was recorded and transcribed.ResultsThe data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Some commonalities and differences were observed in the responses given by family caregivers from the four cities. Four major themes that emerged for the “Nature of positive caregiving” among participants from all four cities are “Caregiver’s attitude,” “Care and compassion,” “Roles and responsibilities,” and “Beliefs and values.” Four significant themes for the “Factors contributing to positive caregiving” are “Meaningfulness in life,” “Sense of belongingness,” “Personal growth,” and “Empathetic understanding.”ConclusionBased on the study’s findings, it can be said that the themes were associated with the PERMA model. Positive caregiving is an important indicator of caregivers’ and care receivers’ well-being. The findings have implications for planning some action research, training, and counseling programs for promoting positive aspects of caregiving among informal caregivers

Evaluation of Trihalomethane Formation Potential Due To Anthropogenic Sources in the Ground Water of Kanpur

The ground water of Jajmau(which is the hub of tanneries), Kanpur has been evaluated for trihalomethane formation potential in January and May, 2009.Bromide is absent. Chloroform is the only THM species identified in all the ground water samples. The levels of chloroform are found below the regulated WHO guideline value of 300 μgL-1.THM formation rate is very fast in first 24 h. as compared to that of the exceeding reaction time (>24 h). High TOC content is found in both the winter and summer seasons. Values of THMFP increase as the chlorine doses from 14 mg/L to 17 mg/L increased in both the seasons

ChemInform Abstract: Cu-Catalyzed Click Reaction in Carbohydrate Chemistry

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