Formulation and Evaluation of microsphere of Rebiprazole Sodium

Microspheres include microparticles and microcapsules (having a core of the drug) of 1-1000?m in diameter and consisting either entirely of a bioadhesive polymer or having an outer coating of it.In this work, an effort was made to formulate microsphere of Rabeprazole sodium by using different polymers. Prepared formulations are evaluated for bulk density, tapped density, percent mucoadhesion, Percent compressibility, Hausner's ration, percentage yield, size and surface morphology, interaction study by Differential scanning calorimeter and in vitro drug release. Formulation which passed all the evaluation parameters were considered as best formulation of Rabeprazole sodium

Effect of alkalinity on growth performance of Jatropha curcas inoculated with PGPR and AM fungi

A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effect of soil alkalinity on emergence, growth, leaf relative water content, total soluble sugar and soluble protein of seedlings of Jatropha curcas L. Na2CO3 was added to the soil and alkalinity was maintained at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%. In general increased alkalinity caused reduction in growth.   Hence we designed the experiment to test the efficacy of beneficial microbes (Azotobacter, Microfoss and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) individually and in combinations to alleviate the stressful effect of alkaline soil. The data pertaining to the effect of bioinoculants on different parameters of Jatropha curcas under alkaline stress were collected and statistically analyzed. The effect of bioinoculants on percentage seed germination and survival at 0.4% of Na2CO3 was found to be in order of; Azotobacter+AMF> AMF>Azotobacter+ Microfoss>Microfoss > Azotobacter >control (no germination) while at 0.5 % Na2CO3 germination was almost nil with all treatments. The survival percentages with respect to all treatments were found to be significant at 0.4%, Na2CO3 level over control. The combination of AM fungi and Azotobacter increased plant height, shoot diameter, shoot dry weight, leaf relative water content and soluble sugar content and decreased level of soluble protein at 0.4 % of Na2CO3 over other treatments. We conclude that the combinations of Azotobacter and AMF performed well up to 0.4 % of Na2CO3 in soil

Formulation and Evaluation of Modified release Bilayer Tablet of Paracetamol and Diclofenac sodium

The main objective of this research work is to develop a stable formulation of a NASAID drugs an immediate release layer of Paracetamol and sustain release layer of Diclofenac sodium are combine to the bilayer and evaluate their pre-compression and post-compression parameters A bilayer tablet comprises first layer formulated for instant release of the paracetamol from a dissolving tablet and a second layer formulated for sustain release Diclofenac sodium from a bilayer tablet The formulation was initiated with preparing granules of both the drug individually by wet granulation method and then then they were compressed to prepare bilayer tablet. The compressed bilayer tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, in-vitro drug release using USP dissolution apparatus and interaction study by DSC. The optimized Formulation table of formulations F5 formulation was found to be acceptable because it release drug up to 82.11 % of drug release for bilayer Tablet and this batch passed all the evaluation parameters

Androgen receptor status predicts response to chemotherapy, not risk of breast cancer in Indian women

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Considerably little is known about the biological role and clinical significance of androgen receptor expression in breast cancer. The objectives of this study were to characterize <it>AR</it>-CAG repeat genotypes in a cohort of women with breast cancer and to determine the influence of AR on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and clinical outcome.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>Genotyping of the <it>AR </it>CAG repeat region was done on 70 patients and 80 healthy aged- matched female controls. To assess response to NACT, tissue samples from 30 LABC cases were evaluated quantitatively by real time for AR mRNA expression. The clinical response was correlated with both the pre and post chemotherapy AR expression. The CAG alleles did not show differences between cases and controls when the mean of short, long and average length of both CAG alleles was considered. However, analysis when done defining short allele as CAGn < 20 (AR1) and the long as CAGn ≥ 20 (AR2), risk was found associated with AR2 allele with marginal significance (P = 0.09). Stratification by age of onset, FH, stage, grade ER and AR status failed to reveal any association with breast cancer risk. Genotype carriers with ≥20 CAGn showed decrease of AR mRNA expression although significance could not be established (P = 0.47). Tumours in responders had the higher AR mRNA expression levels in pre neo-adjuvant chemotherapy condition (p < 0.02) which got reduced after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the difference was found to be significant (P = 0.014).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Although, expansion of the CAGn in the <it>AR </it>gene doesn't show any major effect on breast cancer risk, patients with positive AR expression, pre neoadjuvant chemotherapy, were found to be good responders and a decrease in mRNA level of <it>AR </it>gene related to the chemotherapy-induced apoptosis could serve as an important independent predictor of response to NACT.</p

A Retrospective Chart Review of Treatment Seeking Middle Aged Individuals at a Tertiary Care Substance Use Disorder Treatment Centre in North Part of India over Five Successive Years: Findings from Drug Abuse Monitoring System

Adolescents and young adults continue to remain the main focus of attention with regards to substance use related problems. There has been a limited focus on illicit substance use among middle aged and elderly population. The current study explored the changing trends of substance use among treatment seeking middle aged individuals (aged 40–60 years) at a tertiary level drug dependence treatment centre. The questionnaire used to gather information for the study is a 19-item structured questionnaire. It includes information on various sociodemographic variables, “current,” and “ever” use of substance. Information is also collected on variables related to high risk injecting drug use and HIV status of the individuals. There has been consistent increase in the population of treatment seekers over five years. Over the five-year period, the absolute percentage increase in treatment seeking population is approximately 21%. Polysubstance use was found to increase significantly over five-study years (PTrend = 0.007)

Polyglutamine Disruption of the Huntingtin Exon 1 N Terminus Triggers a Complex Aggregation Mechanism

Simple polyglutamine (polyQ) peptides aggregate in vitro via a nucleated growth pathway directly yielding amyloid-like aggregates. We show here that the 17-amino-acid flanking sequence (HTTNT) N-terminal to the polyQ in the toxic huntingtin exon 1 fragment imparts onto this peptide a complex alternative aggregation mechanism. In isolation, the HTTNT peptide is a compact coil that resists aggregation. When polyQ is fused to this sequence, it induces in HTTNT, in a repeat-length dependent fashion, a more extended conformation that greatly enhances its aggregation into globular oligomers with HTTNT cores and exposed polyQ. In a second step, a new, amyloid-like aggregate is formed with a core composed of both HTTNT and polyQ. The results indicate unprecedented complexity in how primary sequence controls aggregation within a substantially disordered peptide and have implications for the molecular mechanism of Huntington\u27s disease