Formulation and Evaluation of microsphere of Rebiprazole Sodium

Microspheres include microparticles and microcapsules (having a core of the drug) of 1-1000?m in diameter and consisting either entirely of a bioadhesive polymer or having an outer coating of it.In this work, an effort was made to formulate microsphere of Rabeprazole sodium by using different polymers. Prepared formulations are evaluated for bulk density, tapped density, percent mucoadhesion, Percent compressibility, Hausner's ration, percentage yield, size and surface morphology, interaction study by Differential scanning calorimeter and in vitro drug release. Formulation which passed all the evaluation parameters were considered as best formulation of Rabeprazole sodium

Lung Cancer Detection and Classification using Machine Learning Algorithms

Lung cancer is a clump of cells in the lung that are multiplying uncontrollably and improperly. Lung cancer is the deadliest disease, and its cure should be the primary focus of all scientific research. Although it cannot be prevented, we can lessen the danger. Thus, a patient's chance of life depends on the early identification of lung cancer. Several machine learning methods, such as Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, Artificial Neural Networks, and Naive Bayes, have been used for the investigation and prognosis of lung cancer. In this paper, Lung cancer prediction is finished by gathering the dataset from the survey and applying machine learning methods such as Support Vector Machine, Nave Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, and Random Forest. With this result, it is revealed that Decision Tree attained the maximum accuracy of 100% as compared to the others

Application of farmyard manure and vermi-compost on vegetative and generative characteristics of Jatropha curcas

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of FYM and Vermi-compost on: i) biomass yield of vegetatively propagated Jatropha curcas and ii) physical characteristics of Jatropha seeds. Various vegetative and generative characteristics of Jatropha (survival %, shoot length, shoot diameter, number of branches, seed yield and oil content) in response to the treatments were evaluated under field conditions. The results showed that addition of vermicompost significantly increased plant survival, plant height, stem diameter, number of branches/plant, number of seeds/plant and oil content (6.76% & 19.21%) over FYM and control. Vermicompost also played an important role in increasing oil content by improving physical characteristics of Jatropha seeds. We conclude Jatropha raised through cuttings on vermicompost performed better with respect to biomass yield over FYM and untreated soil

Preparation and evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres of repaglinide for treatment of diabetes mellitus type II

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes constituting 90% of the diabetic population. The number of patients with diabetes in India is currently around 40.9 million and is expected to rise to 101 million by 2030.Majority of the conventional formulations available have some drawbacks and less bioavailability, to overcome their deficiency an attempt was made to formulate mucoadhesive of Repaglinide for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus type II ,Prepared formulations were subjected for different evaluation parameters like Particle Size Analysis, Production Yield, Bulk Density, Tapped Density and Compressibility Index, Swelling Index, Mucoadhesivity study, Entrapment efficiency, Differential Scanning calorimeter and in vitro drug release study. Best formulation was chosen who passed all the evaluation parameters

Effect of alkalinity on growth performance of Jatropha curcas inoculated with PGPR and AM fungi

A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effect of soil alkalinity on emergence, growth, leaf relative water content, total soluble sugar and soluble protein of seedlings of Jatropha curcas L. Na2CO3 was added to the soil and alkalinity was maintained at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%. In general increased alkalinity caused reduction in growth.   Hence we designed the experiment to test the efficacy of beneficial microbes (Azotobacter, Microfoss and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) individually and in combinations to alleviate the stressful effect of alkaline soil. The data pertaining to the effect of bioinoculants on different parameters of Jatropha curcas under alkaline stress were collected and statistically analyzed. The effect of bioinoculants on percentage seed germination and survival at 0.4% of Na2CO3 was found to be in order of; Azotobacter+AMF> AMF>Azotobacter+ Microfoss>Microfoss > Azotobacter >control (no germination) while at 0.5 % Na2CO3 germination was almost nil with all treatments. The survival percentages with respect to all treatments were found to be significant at 0.4%, Na2CO3 level over control. The combination of AM fungi and Azotobacter increased plant height, shoot diameter, shoot dry weight, leaf relative water content and soluble sugar content and decreased level of soluble protein at 0.4 % of Na2CO3 over other treatments. We conclude that the combinations of Azotobacter and AMF performed well up to 0.4 % of Na2CO3 in soil

Formulation and Evaluation of Modified release Bilayer Tablet of Paracetamol and Diclofenac sodium

The main objective of this research work is to develop a stable formulation of a NASAID drugs an immediate release layer of Paracetamol and sustain release layer of Diclofenac sodium are combine to the bilayer and evaluate their pre-compression and post-compression parameters A bilayer tablet comprises first layer formulated for instant release of the paracetamol from a dissolving tablet and a second layer formulated for sustain release Diclofenac sodium from a bilayer tablet The formulation was initiated with preparing granules of both the drug individually by wet granulation method and then then they were compressed to prepare bilayer tablet. The compressed bilayer tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, in-vitro drug release using USP dissolution apparatus and interaction study by DSC. The optimized Formulation table of formulations F5 formulation was found to be acceptable because it release drug up to 82.11 % of drug release for bilayer Tablet and this batch passed all the evaluation parameters

Preparation and evaluation of mucoadhasive microspheres of Propranolol HCl for nasal delivery

In the recent decades, the interest in intranasal route for drug delivery is increased as the nasal mucosa offers numerous benefits such as rapid systemic drug absorption and fast onset of action. Additionally, intranasal absorption avoids the hepatic presystemic metabolism and enhances drug bioavailability in comparison to that obtained after oral administration. Also, it offers patient ease being non invasive, offers favourable tolerability profile and it is also pharmaceutically economic as dont require sterilization. Propranolol HCl is the most commonly used ? blocker drug for the prophylaxis of migraine. The problem with the oral route is low bioavailability (26%) due to pre-systemic metabolism. So, the aim of the work is to formulate and evaluate mucoadhesive microsphere of Propranolol HCl to increase its bioavailability and reduce its dose. Mucoadhesive microspheres increase the residence time of the drug by gel formation mechanism and hence improve bioavailability as compared to powder and liquid formulations. The prepared formulation was evaluated for particle size, shape and morphology, mucoadhesive strength, micrometric properties, in vitro drug diffusion study, entrapment efficiency and stability studies

Androgen receptor status predicts response to chemotherapy, not risk of breast cancer in Indian women

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Considerably little is known about the biological role and clinical significance of androgen receptor expression in breast cancer. The objectives of this study were to characterize <it>AR</it>-CAG repeat genotypes in a cohort of women with breast cancer and to determine the influence of AR on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and clinical outcome.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>Genotyping of the <it>AR </it>CAG repeat region was done on 70 patients and 80 healthy aged- matched female controls. To assess response to NACT, tissue samples from 30 LABC cases were evaluated quantitatively by real time for AR mRNA expression. The clinical response was correlated with both the pre and post chemotherapy AR expression. The CAG alleles did not show differences between cases and controls when the mean of short, long and average length of both CAG alleles was considered. However, analysis when done defining short allele as CAGn < 20 (AR1) and the long as CAGn ≥ 20 (AR2), risk was found associated with AR2 allele with marginal significance (P = 0.09). Stratification by age of onset, FH, stage, grade ER and AR status failed to reveal any association with breast cancer risk. Genotype carriers with ≥20 CAGn showed decrease of AR mRNA expression although significance could not be established (P = 0.47). Tumours in responders had the higher AR mRNA expression levels in pre neo-adjuvant chemotherapy condition (p < 0.02) which got reduced after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the difference was found to be significant (P = 0.014).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Although, expansion of the CAGn in the <it>AR </it>gene doesn't show any major effect on breast cancer risk, patients with positive AR expression, pre neoadjuvant chemotherapy, were found to be good responders and a decrease in mRNA level of <it>AR </it>gene related to the chemotherapy-induced apoptosis could serve as an important independent predictor of response to NACT.</p

Injectable Opioid use: An insight into the problem

Background:&nbsp;The present study characterizes the socio-demographic variables of injection drug users (IDUs) attending Oral substitution therapy (OST) center.&nbsp;Aims &amp; Objectives:&nbsp;To provide a comprehensive knowledge and better insight regarding the socio-demographic profile and pattern IDUs.&nbsp;Material &amp; Methods: A total of 158 IDUs aged 18 to 60 years who attended the OST centre during one-year period at a government medical college are included in the study.&nbsp;Results:&nbsp;All the IDUs are male with median age of 33.13 years. More than half of the participants are homeless and earn their livelihood by rag picking and rickshaw driving. 35.4% of participants are married. Their mean monthly income is Rs 2823.4 ± 1811.8 and they spend a major amount of it on drug use.&nbsp;Conclusion:&nbsp;All the participants are using Pharmaceutical Opioid injections (POI), mostly as cocktail with benzodiazepines and antihistamines. Sharing of needle and paraphernalia is present in most of the participants especially among the illiterate and low income group IDUs