NEPC Review: How Much Are Public School Teachers Paid?

The Manhattan Institute report, How Much Are Public School Teachers Paid?, uses hourly earnings from the 2005 National Compensation Survey (NCS) to contend that teachers are better paid than most white-collar professionals, including many in occupations commonly understood to be quite lucrative. The report relies on hourly earnings data in an attempt to provide an apples-to-apples comparison of pay for a standard unit of work. Unfortunately, this approach is fundamentally flawed because the NCS calculation of weeks and hours worked is very different for teachers and other professionals. In fact, the Bureau of Labor Statistics &mdash; which publishes the NCS &mdash; has explicitly warned its users not to use hourly rates of pay in this exact same context. It is unclear why the authors of this report have apparently have chosen to ignore that warning, but what remains is a measure of compensation that is of very little use in informing policy discussions of teacher pay.</p

Further explorations of illness uncertainty: Carer’s experiences of Parkinson’s disease

Objective: Dominant models of illness uncertainty define uncertainty as ‘an inability to determine the meaning of illness-related events’. Recent research has shown patient uncertainty to be multidimensional encompassing personal issues indirectly affected by illness. The nature of carer uncertainty has yet to be fully explored. The present study aimed to investigate the nature of illness uncertainty in the carers of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Design: Eighteen carers of a spouse with PD participated in semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were thematically analysed, statements were coded as uncertain if they reflected ‘a lack of certainty, or a state of limited knowledge, understanding or worry regarding an existing or future outcome’. Results: The domains of uncertainty expressed by carers closely fitted the five domain framework of patient uncertainty: symptoms and prognosis, medical management, self-management, social functioning and impact. An additional ‘carer-role’ domain was identified. Conclusions: Carer uncertainty about PD went beyond issues directly related to the illness. The findings have implications for research into uncertainty suggesting that widely used measures may not be accurately capturing the nature of carer uncertainty about chronic illness. The breadth of uncertainty reported has implications for the provision of appropriate support to improve caregiver well-being

Noninvasive Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Dysfunction Programmed in Male Offspring of Adverse Pregnancy.

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The narratives of Hardship: : The new and the old poor in the aftermath of the 2008 crisis in Europe

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Hulya Dagdeviren, Matthew Donoghue, and Lars Meier, ‘The narratives of hardship: the new and the old poor in the aftermath of the 2008 crisis in Europe’, The Sociological Review, vol. 65 (2): 369-385, May 2017. The final, definitive version of record is available online at doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-954X.12403. Published by SAGE.This paper examines poverty and hardship in Europe after the 2008 crisis, using household interviews in nine European countries. A number of findings deserve highlighting. First, making a distinction between ‘the old poor’ (those who lived in poverty before as well as after the crisis) and ‘the new poor’ (thosewho fell into hardship after the crisis), we show that hardship is experienced quite differently by these groups. Second, the household narratives showed that while material deprivations constitute an important aspect of hardship, the themes of insecurity and dependency also emerged as fundamental dimensions. In contrast to popular political discourse in countries such as the UK, dependency on welfare or family was experienced as a source of distress and manifested as a form of hardship by participants in all countries covered in this study.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Influenza pH1N1 virus accumulated H275Y mutation neuraminidase during propagation in MDCK cells

Peer reviewe

Comparative Analysis of Whole-Genome Sequences of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses Isolated from Hospitalized and Nonhospitalized Patients Identifies Missense Mutations That Might Be Associated with Patient Hospital Admissions in Finland during 2009 to 2014

Peer reviewe

Breast Cancer Risk Perception and Lifestyle Behaviors Among White and Black Women With a Family History of the Disease

Little is known about relationships between a positive family history of breast cancer, perception of risk, and lifestyle behaviors. This qualitative study explored factors involved in formulation of perceived breast cancer risk and the association between risk perception and lifestyle behaviors in white and black women with a family history of breast cancer. Eligible participants were North Carolina residents in the Sister Study, a nationwide study of environmental and genetic risk factors for breast cancer among women aged 35 to 74 who have at least one sister diagnosed with breast cancer. Personal interviews were conducted with thirty-two women, twenty white and twelve black. While many had a heightened sense of risk and perceived family history as a main risk factor, 16% considered themselves at low or average risk for breast cancer and Gail risk scores did not correspond to perceived risk. Many women were unaware of associations between lifestyle behaviors and breast cancer risk. Eleven women, six black and five white, reported making healthy lifestyle changes because of family history; dietary change was most frequently reported. These findings may be important for future developers of breast cancer education programs for both white and black women with a family history of breast cancer

Ischemic preconditioning protects against cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury without affecting succinate accumulation or oxidation.

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury occurs when blood supply to an organ is disrupted and then restored, and underlies many disorders, notably myocardial infarction and stroke. While reperfusion of ischemic tissue is essential for survival, it also initiates cell death through generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent work has revealed a novel pathway underlying ROS production at reperfusion in vivo in which the accumulation of succinate during ischemia and its subsequent rapid oxidation at reperfusion drives ROS production at complex I by reverse electron transport (RET). Pharmacologically inhibiting ischemic succinate accumulation, or slowing succinate metabolism at reperfusion, have been shown to be cardioprotective against IR injury. Here, we determined whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC) contributes to cardioprotection by altering kinetics of succinate accumulation and oxidation during IR. Mice were subjected to a 30-minute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by reperfusion, with or without a protective IPC protocol prior to sustained ischemia. We found that IPC had no effect on ischemic succinate accumulation with both control and IPC mice having profound increases in succinate compared to normoxia. Furthermore, after only 1-minute reperfusion succinate was rapidly metabolised returning to near pre-ischemic levels in both groups. We conclude that IPC does not affect ischemic succinate accumulation, or its oxidation at reperfusion