An Error in Space Group P6(2)22 in International Tables for X-ray Crystallography

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S0108767390002148.No abstract is available for this item

Risk Factors for Delirium after Spine Surgery: An Age-Matched Analysis

Study Design A retrospective cohort study. Purpose To investigate the risk factors for postoperative delirium after spine surgery, excluding older age, which has already been established as a strong risk factor. Overview of Literature More than 30 risk factors have been reported for delirium after spine surgery, making it challenging to identify which factors should be prioritized. We hypothesized that risk factors could not be prioritized to date because the factor of older age is very strong and influenced other factors. To eliminate the influence of older age, we performed an age-matched group comparison analysis for the investigation of other risk factors. Methods This study involved 532 patients who underwent spine surgery. Two patients of the same age without delirium (delirium negative group) were matched to each patient with delirium (delirium positive group). Differences in suspected risk factors for post-operative delirium between the two groups identified from previous reports were analyzed using univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed for factors that showed a significant difference between the two groups in the univariate analysis. Results Fifty-nine (11.1%) of 532 patients developed postoperative delirium after spine surgery. Large amounts of intraoperative bleeding, low preoperative concentration of serum Na, high postoperative (day after surgery) serum level of C-reactive protein, low hematocrit level, low concentration of albumin, and high body temperature were detected as significant risk factors in the univariate analysis. Large amounts of intraoperative bleeding remained a risk factor for postoperative delirium in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions We should pay attention to and take precautions against the occurrence of postoperative delirium after spine surgery in patients of older age or those who experience severe intraoperative bleeding

Evaluation of Cell Responses of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> under Cultivation Using Wheat Bran as a Nutrient Resource by Analyses of Growth Activities and Comprehensive Gene Transcription Levels

Wheat bran has high nutritional values and is also cheaper than yeast nitrogen base as an important component of a medium. Although its use in microbial cultivations is expected, research and development has hardly progressed so far. In this study, with experimental Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741, the cell responses to wheat bran as a nutrient were evaluated by analyses of cell growth, ethanol production, and comprehensive gene transcription levels. Comparing wheat bran and yeast nitrogen base, BY4741 showed specific growth rates of 0.277 ± 0.002 and 0.407 ± 0.035 as a significant difference. Additionally, wheat bran could be used as a restricted media component like yeast nitrogen base. However, in 24 h of cultivation with wheat bran and yeast nitrogen base, although conversion ratios of ethanol productions showed no significant difference at 63.0 ± 7.2% and 62.5 ± 8.2%, the ratio of cell production displayed a significant difference at 7.31 ± 0.04% and 4.90 ± 0.16%, indicating a different cell response. In fact, the comprehensive evaluation of transcription levels strongly suggested major changes in glucose metabolism. This study indicated that BY4741 could switch transcription levels efficiently to use wheat bran

Five-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 and Ameliorates Palmitic Acid-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Renal Tubules

Steatosis, or ectopic lipid deposition, is the fundamental pathophysiology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic kidney disease. Steatosis in the renal tubule causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to kidney injury. Thus, ER stress could be a therapeutic target in steatonephropathy. Five-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a natural product that induces heme oxygenase (HO)-1, which acts as an antioxidant. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of 5-ALA in lipotoxicity-induced ER stress in human primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Cells were stimulated with palmitic acid (PA) to induce ER stress. Cellular apoptotic signals and expression of genes involved in the ER stress cascade and heme biosynthesis pathway were analyzed. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a master regulator of ER stress, increased significantly, followed by increased cellular apoptosis. Administration of 5-ALA induced a remarkable increase in HO-1 expression, thus ameliorating PA-induced GRP78 expression and apoptotic signals. BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1), a transcriptional repressor of HO-1, was significantly downregulated by 5-ALA treatment. HO-1 induction attenuates PA-induced renal tubular injury by suppressing ER stress. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of 5-ALA against lipotoxicity through redox pathway

New tris- and pentakis-fused donors containing extended tetrathiafulvalenes: New positive electrode materials for rechargeable batteries

Derivatives of tris-fused TTF extended with two ethanediylidenes (5), tris- and pentakis-fused TTFs extended with two thiophene-2,5-diylidenes (6–9) were successfully synthesized. Cyclic voltammograms of the tetrakis(n-hexylthio) derivative of 5 and 7 (5d, 7d) consisted of two pairs of two-electron redox waves and two pairs of one-electron redox waves. On the other hand, four pairs of two-electron redox waves and two pairs of one-electron redox waves were observed for the tetrakis(n-hexylthio) derivative of 9 (9d). Coin-type cells using the bis(ethylenedithio) derivatives of 5 (5b), 6 (6b) and the tetrakis(methylthio) derivatives of 5 (5c) and 8 (8c) as positive electrode materials showed initial discharge capacities of 157–190 mAh g−1 and initial energy densities of 535–680 mAh g−1. The discharge capacities after 40 cycles were 64–86% of the initial discharge capacities