Unstimulated whole saliva cortisol levels during ramadan in iranian muslims

Aims: Ramadan is a great opportunity for scientific research due to its peculiar nature. This study was designed to investigate whether morning saliva cortisol pick can change during and after Ramadan compared to before it. Materials and methods: A total of 30 healthy volunteer men (aged between 30 and 76 years) were asked to participate in a cross-sectional study between August 12 and September 10, 2010. Saliva was collected 2 weeks before the beginning of Ramadan (BR), during the first week (R1), middle (R2), the last week (R3) of Ramadan and 3 weeks after Ramadan (AR). Cortisol concentration was analyzed by ELISA. Statistical analysis of one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Results: The mean unstimulated saliva cortisol concentration and its output were significantly higher in the BR than during and after Ramadan. Conclusion: Mean saliva cortisol concentration and its output tended to be lower during and 3 weeks after Ramadan. Clinical significance: Cortisol as a stress hormone seems to be low during Ramadan

The effects of phase III cardiac rehabilitation in serum and salivary Hs-CRP and anthropometric measurements in patients with coronary artery disease

Aim: Cardiac rehabilitation is a key part in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) by its anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of exercise training programs on salivary concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with coronary artery disease has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phase III cardiac rehabilitation on serum and salivary levels of hs-CRP, in relation to the anthropometric measurements of obesity and the relationship between salivary and serum levels of hs-CRP in CAD male patients. Materials and methods: Forty male volunteers (45-75 years) with CAD participated in 6 to 8 weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise training consisting of 45 minutes sessions of treadmill, stationary bicycle and arm ergometer. Anthropometric measurements of obesity, serum level of hs-CRP, stimulated and nonstimulated salivary level of hs-CRP were measured at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of exercise sessions. Results: All anthropometric measurements increased (p < 0.05) following cardiac rehabilitation except waist-hip ratio. Serum hs- CRP level reduced by 36 independent to the anthropometric measurements changes. Stimulated and nonstimulated salivary hs-CRP level decreased 68 and 54, respectively, after 24 sessions of cardiac rehabilitation. Nonstimulated salivary hs-CRP levels correlated to serum levels of hs-CRP at baseline and after 24 sessions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Phase III cardiac rehabilitation seems to be effective to improve serum and salivary hs-CRP concentrations independent of anthropometric measurements. Clinical significance: Nonstimulated salivary hs-CRP measurement could be a surrogate for blood measurement of hs-CRP during cardiac rehabilitation in male patients with CAD

Oral glucose tolerance test in unstimulated saliva of healthy individuals

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in unstimulated whole saliva as a diagnostic specimen in clinical practice for detection of diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and Methods: An interventional study was carried out in 30 apparently healthy individuals aged 24-59 years. Serum and saliva samples were obtained in fasting, 1 h and 2 h after glucose intake (75 g). Glucose concentration was determined by enzymatic colorimetric glucose oxidase-prostatic acid phosphatase assay. Statistical analysis of the repeated ANOVA (followed Bonferroni post-hoc test) and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Results: The mean serum glucose concentration was significantly higher 1 h after glucose intake (152.32 ± 31.06) than both fasting state (106.38 ± 41.08; P < 0.001) and 2 h after glucose intake (125.21 ± 51.71; P < 0.001). Saliva glucose was also significantly higher 1 h after glucose intake (5.46 ± 2.41) than both fasting state (2.84 ± 1.46; P < 0.001) and 2 h after glucose intake (4.01 ± 1.91; P < 0.001). There were significant positive correlation between saliva and serum glucose concentration in fasting state (r = 0.502; P = 0.044), 1 h (r = 0.756; P = 0.0001), and 2 h (r = 0.543; P = 0.023) after oral glucose intake. Conclusion: It seems that unstimulated saliva can be used as an alternative to serum for diagnosis of DM in OGTT

Elevation of Urate in Saliva and Serum of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (knee OA) is the most common joint disease and the leading cause of disability and has a considerable financial burden on the healthcare system. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate urate in saliva and serum of knee OA. Methods: Serum and saliva urate levels of 30 knee OA and 30 healthy controls were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. Data were analysed by Student's t test, Pearson correlation test, and receiver operating characteristic. Results: The mean serum and both stimulated and unstimulated saliva urate levels were higher in the knee OA than that of the healthy group. WOMAC score positively correlated with serum (r = 0.485; p = 0.004), unstimulated saliva (r = 0.575; p = 0.001) and stimulated saliva (r = 0.453; p = 0.009) levels of urate. The serum level of urate significantly correlated with unstimulated (r = 0.442; p < 0.001) and stimulated (r = 0.563; p < 0.001) saliva urate levels. Serum and saliva urate had significant cutoff values (6.4, 4.9, and 3.3 mg/dL in serum, stimulated, and unstimulated saliva, respectively). Conclusion: In this study, urate in serum and saliva was increased in patients with knee OA and positively correlated with WOMAC. © 202

Serum and saliva total tau protein as a marker for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered as motor and sensory function loss, which results from demyelination and following axonal lesion. Tau protein interferes in the construction and stabilization of microtubules that are needed for axonal transport. We hypothesize that the level of tau protein alters in MS, so we examined the level of total tau protein in serum, stimulated and unstimulated saliva as a suitable biomarker for detecting of relapsing-remitting MS. A case-control study was carried out in 30 healthy women and 30 who suffer MS and were hospitalized in Imam Reza hospital, Tehran, Iran. Total tau protein level was assayed in serum and stimulated and unstimulated whole saliva. Total tau protein was expressed at a lower level in serum of MS patients compared to control groups. The serum total tau protein level negatively correlated with EDSS. There was no significant difference in saliva total tau protein between MS and healthy individuals. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between saliva and serum total tau protein and between saliva total tau protein and EDSS. The serum level of tau protein is lower in MS and it may be considered as a potential biomarker in Multiple sclerosis. However, it seems that tau protein in the saliva isn't a suitable biomarker for detection of MS. © 201

The effects of intra-locus coeruleus injection of dopamine D2 receptor agents on Naloxone withdrawal signs in Morphine-dependent rats

Background: Opiate-induced addiction is a main social problem in Iran. As treatment of this problem is a health priority among the medical community, studies on this topic are very crucial. The exact mechanism of dependence on opiates and their withdrawal syndrome remain unclear. It seems that dopaminergic system and locus coeruleus (LC) have an important role in the expression of somatic signs during opioids withdrawal. The LC has been shown to contain significant levels of dopamine (DA). In the present study, the effects of different D2 dopaminergic receptor agonist and antagonist administration in the LC on withdrawal sign expression in morphine dependence is investigated in rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats, weighing 220–280 g were divided into eight groups (n=8). Two cannulae were stereotaxically implanted bilaterally into the LC of each rat. After a one-week recovery, seven groups were rendered dependent on morphine by subcutaneous injection during a seven-day period. Non-dependent control animals received saline according to the same protocol. Animals received bilateral intra-LC injections of saline (1 &amp;#956;g/site) and quinpirole (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 &amp;#956;g/site, a D2 agonist) 15 min and sulpiride (5, 15 and 30 &amp;#956;g/site, a D2 antagonist) 30 min prior to naloxone injection about 24 hours after the last dose of morphine or saline according to their respective group. To calculate the total withdrawal score, as an index of withdrawal syndrome, 20 different withdrawal signs were assessed and the scores of the intensity of these withdrawal signs were added. Results: Total withdrawal scores were significantly decreased by quinpirole (0.1µg/site) and sulpiride (15 and 30 µg/site). Conclusion: The D2 dopaminergic system in the LC may be involved in the morphine-induced dependency in rats. Further studies are needed to define the mechanism of this dependency in order to improve methods for the rehabilitation of addicts

Effect of hindlimb unloading on stereological parameters of the motor cortex and hippocampus in male rats

Hindlimb unloading (HU) can cause motion and cognition dysfunction, although its cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. The aim of the present study was to determine the stereological parameters of the brain areas involved in motion (motor cortex) and spatial learning - memory (hippocampus) under an HU condition. Sixteen adult male rats, kept under a 12: 12 h light-dark cycle, were divided into two groups of freely moving (n=8) and HU (n=8) rats. The volume of motor cortex and hippocampus, the numerical cell density of neurons in layers I, II-III, V, and VI of the motor cortex, the entire motor cortex as well as the primary motor cortex, and the numerical density of the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus subregions of the hippocampus were estimated. No significant differences were observed in the evaluated parameters. Our results thus indicated that motor cortical and hippocampal atrophy and cell loss may not necessarily be involved in the motion and spatial learning memory impairment in the rat. © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc

Salivary oxidative stress in oral lichen planus treated with triamcinolone mouthrinse

Background: Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels have not been reported in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients treated with a topical corticosteroid. This study evaluates TAC and MDA levels in unstimulated saliva of OLP patients. Such measurements may need to be supported by clinical observation. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with OLP participated in a study conducted at the Department of Oral Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Salivary TAC and MDA were determined by biochemical analyses before and after 5-week triamcinolone acetonide (0.2) mouthrinse treatment. Subjective symptoms as well as lesion status pre- A nd post-treatment were measured using visual analog scale (VAS) and clinical scoring system, respectively. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for the evaluation of MDA and TAC parameters, VASs, and rates of clinical scores. Spearman's rank correlation was used to determine the relationship between different variables. Results: A statistically significant increase in salivary TAC was found after treatment. There was no significant difference in the reduction of salivary MDA levels in OLP patients after treatment. Conclusion: Posttreatment analyses revealed a significant degree of recovery and pain relief of OLP lesions. Hence, triamcinolon mouthrinse by reducing oxidative stress is an appropriate treatment in OLP patients. © 2017 Dental Research Journal

The effects of six-week resistance, aerobic and combined exercises on the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in overweight patients with moderate haemophilia A: A randomized controlled trial

Introduction: Overweight increases the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and serves as a major risk factor for arthropathy and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This condition is becoming increasingly prevalent among patients with haemophilia (PWH). Different forms of exercise training could favourably modify weight-related complications, cardiovascular risk factors and the inflammation. Aim: To investigate the effects of resistance, aerobic and combined exercises on the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in overweight patients with moderate haemophilia A. Methods: Forty-eight patients with moderate haemophilia A, aged 35-55 years, and body mass index (BMI) of 25-30 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to resistance training (RT, n = 12), aerobic (AT, n = 12), combined training (CT, n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups. The patients participated in 45-minutes exercise sessions three times a week for 6 weeks. Waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fat mass, fat-free mass, interleukin-10 (IL-10), adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured before and after the 6 weeks of training. Results: There was significant decrease in WC, WHR, BMI and weight in the AT, RT and CT groups as compared to the control group. Total HJHS scores decreased in the AT, RT, CT groups compared to the control groups (P � 0.001). The decrease in hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in the CT group was significant compared to the control group (P � 0.02). The increase in IL-10 and adiponectin was not significant in the RT, AT and CT groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: CT was the most effective training mode for decreasing the pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti-inflammatory markers in overweight patients with haemophilia A. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Lt