Perlindungan Hukum Terhadapa Anak sebagai Korban Konflik Bersenjata yang Dilakukan oleh Gerakan Isis di Irak dan Suriah

Anak seharusnya tidak diperbolehkan untuk terlibat langsung dalam suatu konflik bersenjata, hal ini dikarenakan anak adalah salah satu pihak yang paling rentan untuk terkena dampak negatif dari suatu konflik bersenjata. Konflik bersenjata antara ISIS dengan Irak maupun Suriah ini telah dengan sengaja melakukan penangkapan serta penembakan terhadap anak di Irak dan Suriah. Apalagi, alasan penangkapan tersebut adalah untuk menjadikan mereka menjadi bagian dari organisasi ISIS. Artikel ini akan membahas status dari konflik bersenjata yang terjadi antara ISIS dengan Irak maupun Suriah dilihat dari perspektif hukum humaniter internasional kemudian artikel ini juga akan membahas tentang perlindungan hukum yang harus diberikan terhadap anak-anak di Irak dan Suriah yang terlibat konflik tersebut. Kata kunci: penangkapan, penembakan, anak, konflik bersenjata

Analisis Pengaruh Customer Relationship Management, Persepsi Harga, dan Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Kendaraan Niaga Merek Hino

This research aims to examine and Analysis the Effect of Customer Relationship Management, Price Perception, and Quality of Service to Customer Loyalty Vehicle Logistic Brand Hino that became the object of research. The reaserch design used is quantitative and explanatory research type of survey methods. Data was collected using questionnaires to 105 respondents, the sampling technique used is online survey via customer emails as. The method of analysis is SPSS. The result of the research showed that customer relationship management has a positively and significant customer loyalty vehicle logistic, price perception have positiv and effect significant customer loyalty vehicle logistic, and quality of service positive and significant influence to customer loyalty vehicle logisti

Pengaruh Kepercayaan Merek Dan Komitmen Merek Terhadap Loyalitas Merek (Survei Pada Warga Kelurahan Penanggungan Konsumen Produk Aqua Di Kota Malang)

This research is motivated by the idea that brand trust and brand commitment can influence the brand loyalty. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of brand trust and brand commitment by partially or simultantly to brand loyalty. The type of research in this study is explanatory research with quantitative approach which used a questionnaire research instruments that were distributed to 72 respondents who are the consumer of Aqua products in Penanggungan Village. Data processing is performed by using SPSS 13.0 software for windows. Instrument testing in this research used validity test and reliability test. And for the data analysis technique used descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Result of this research shows that brand trust and brand commitment partially have the effect by brand loyalty. By simultantly, known that brand trust and brand commitment have the significant effect by brand loyalty

Ruppeiner Geometry of Anyon Gas

We derive the thermodynamic curvature of a two dimensional ideal anyon gas of particles obeying fractional statistics. The statistical interactions of anyon gas can be attractive or repulsive. For attractive statistical interactions, thermodynamic curvature is positive and for repulsive statistical interactions, it is negative, which indicates a more stable anyon gas. There is a special case between the two where the thermodynamic curvature is zero. Small deviations from the classical limit will also be explored.Comment: 12 page

Ionic Toxicity Assessment of Water Sources and their Suitability for Irrigation, Drinking, Livestock and Industrial Purposes

A study was conducted to assess of the degree of ionic toxicity on the basis of standard criteria for irrigation, drinking, livestock, poultry, aquaculture and industrial purposes of 20 ground water sources in Kushtia, Bangladesh. The chemical analysis included pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and major ionic constituents like Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Mn, B, As, Cu, PO4, CO3, HCO3, SO4 and Cl. sodium adsorption ratio(SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate(RSC) and hardness(HT) were also calculated. The pH (6.93 to 7.63) showed slightly acidic to neutral.Ca (23.8 to 100.2 mg L-1), Mg (20.3 to 57 mg L-1), Na (16.49 to 52.30 mg L-1), K (0.36 to 5.76 mg L-1), HCO3 (132.51 to 347.30 mg L-1) and Cl- (36.9 to 76.2 mg L-1) were predominant along with Mn, Cu and B in lesser amounts. Fe, As, PO4, SO4 and CO3 were found trace to little amounts. The TDS was rated as ‘fresh water’. EC and SAR were ‘medium’ and ‘high salinity’ (C2 and C3) classes and ‘low alkali hazard’ (S1) class, combinedly expressed as C2S1 and C3S1. SSP was of ‘excellent’, ‘good’ and ‘permissible’ categories. Waters were free from RSC and belonged to ‘suitable’ category for irrigation. The waters were classified as ‘hard’, ‘very hard’ and ‘medium hard’ based on hardness (HT).The toxicities of B, Mn and Cl were not found in the study area for irrigation but HCO3, CO3, Fe and As toxicities were found in some sources. Iron content of 7 samples was ‘unsuitable’ for drinking, livestock, poultry and 7 samples were unsuitable for aquaculture usage. Manganese content of all samples was ‘suitable’ for drinking and livestock consumption. Both Fe and Mn content of all samples were ‘problematic’ for industrial usage. Arsenic status of 9 water samples was ‘suitable’ for drinking. Chloride content most of the samples was ‘toxic’ for livestock but all samples were ‘unfit’ for aquaculture. Sulphate of all samples was ‘suitable’ for drinking, livestock, poultry, aquaculture and industrial usage

Prevalence of Muscle Dysmorphia and Associated Health Activities in Male Medical Students in Karachi, Pakistan

Background: Muscle Dysmorphia (MD) is a subtype of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and is currently classified under anxiety disorders (subheading: Obsessive-compulsive disorder) in DSM 5. MD is hypothesized to affect the self-esteem and social outlook of the younger generation. MD shows a higher rate in males and may influence their self-confidence rendering them more prone towards using steroids, supplementary proteins and other drugs to alter their physical outlooks as shown in previous studies. This problem has been on the rise lately due to revolutionary advancement in the media and film industry and the abrupt changes about the standards of physical good looks and body shapes. With the lack of studies done in our population, our study will be helpful to consider the prevalence of the disease in our setting and increase awareness in the general public and clinicians. We hope to help clinicians/ therapists find better options in managing the disease. Materials: We performed a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 246 medical school students in Karachi to collect data through self-administered questionnaires. We used the DSM 5 criteria for the diagnosis of BDD and additional questions on the presence of MD. Nutritional habits, exercise routines, use of supplements and drugs were also obtained for exploratory analysis. Results: Our study predicted the prevalence of MD to be 25%. Other main findings included statistical significant associations between MD and the thoughts and practice of steroid use for muscularity. Conclusion: MD is an underdiagnosed and often unrecognized disease that we believe has significant consequences for the young male population. Further work is needed on this in our part of the world. Our research, we believe, can be a stepping stone for further studies that would incorporate wider populations

rac-Diethyl 9-hy­droxy-9-methyl-7-phenyl-1,4-diaza­spiro­[4.5]decane-6,8-dicarboxyl­ate

The title mol­ecule, C21H30N2O5, is chiral with four stereogenic centres. The crystal is a racemate and consists of enanti­omeric pairs with the relative configuration rac-(6S*,7R*,8R*,9S*). The ethyl fragment of the eth­oxy­carbonyl group at position 6 is disordered in a 0.46 (3):0.54 (3) ratio. The crystal structure features inter­molecular N—H⋯O. Intra­molecular O—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds also occur

Laser-Treated Steel Surfaces Gliding on Snow at Different Temperatures

With the goal of substituting a hard metallic material for the soft Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) presently used to make the bases of skis for alpine skiing, we used two non-thermodynamic equilibrium surface treatments with ultra-short (7–8 ps) laser pulses to modify the surface of square plates (50 × 50 mm2) made of austenitic stainless steel AISI 301H. By irradiating with linearly polarized pulses, we obtained Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS). By laser machining, we produced a laser engraving on the surface. Both treatments produce a surface pattern parallel to one side of the sample. For both treatments, we measured with a dedicated snow tribometer the friction coefficient μ on compacted snow at different temperatures (−10 °C; −5 °C; −3 °C) for a gliding speed range between 1 and 6.1 ms−1. We compared the obtained μ values with those of untreated AISI 301H plates and of stone grinded, waxed UHMWPE plates. At the highest temperature (−3 °C), near the snow melting point, untreated AISI 301H shows the largest μ value (0.09), much higher than that of UHMWPE (0.04). Laser treatments on AISI 301H gave lower μ values approaching UHMWPE. We studied how the surface pattern disposition, with respect to the gliding direction of the sample on snow, affects the μ trend. For LIPSS with pattern, orientation perpendicular to the gliding direction on snow μ (0.05) is comparable with that of UHMWPE. We performed field tests on snow at high temperature (from −0.5 to 0 °C) using full-size skis equipped with bases made of the same materials used for the laboratory tests. We observed a moderate difference in performance between the untreated and the LIPSS treated bases; both performed worse than UHMWPE. Waxing improved the performance of all bases, especially LIPSS treated

Aharonov-Casher effect for spin one particles in a noncommutative space

In this work the Aharonov-Casher (AC) phase is calculated for spin one particles in a noncommutative space. The AC phase has previously been calculated from the Dirac equation in a noncommutative space using a gauge-like technique [17]. In the spin-one, we use kemmer equation to calculate the phase in a similar manner. It is shown that the holonomy receives non-trivial kinematical corrections. By comparing the new result with the already known spin 1/2 case, one may conjecture a generalized formula for the corrections to holonomy for higher spins.Comment: 9 page