Deposition of Silicon Thin Films by Ion Beam Assisted Deposition

With the depletion of non-renewable energy sources owing to increasing demands, we need to develop renewable energy sources, which can replace them with cleaner energy sources. The solar industry is one of these renewable energies. In spite of having very high potential, harvesting solar energy has been a challenge due to the cost of solar cells. Silicon dominates the photovoltaic industry, but even this technology can accommodate great improvements. This can be done notably by finding low cost deposition techniques for the silicon. The main aim of this thesis is to form high-quality nanocrystalline silicon thin films with the help of sputtering and ion beam deposition. Various characterization techniques were used to analyze the samples and demonstrate that ion beams indeed assist in obtaining higher quality nanocrystalline thin film

Finite Detail Modeling Of Metallic Concrete Beam Thinking About Double Composite Movement

Steel concrete composite production has gained huge popularity as an opportunity to natural metallic or concrete creation. Ansys 11 laptop program has been used to increase a 3-dimensional nonlinear finite detail model in order to analyze the fracture behaviors of non-stop double steel-concrete composite beams, with emphasis on the beam slab interface. 3 beam fashions with various quantity of the pinnacle studs have been addressed. The related constitutive outcomes consisting of the remaining hundreds, the most deflections, the interface slip and slip strain values are supplied. A parametric look at has been completed so as to research the effect of some parameters on their fracture abilities, such as metallic beam top, lower slab thickness and period, studs diameter and arrangement technique. Through comparing these consequences with the to be had experimental records, the proposed version is discovered to be capable of reading steel-concrete composite beams to a suitable accuracy

Implementation of PCS of Physical Layer for PCI Express

PCI Express is third generation Computer Bus to inter connect peripherals in a Computer, Servers, Mobile sets and systems. PCS is the sublayer of the physical layer of PCI Express 1.0. The major constituents of this layer are transmitter and receiver. Transmitter comprises of 8b/10b encoder. The Primary purpose of this scheme is to embed a clock into the serial bit stream of transmitter lanes. No clock is transmitted along with the serial data bit stream. This eliminates EMI noise and provides DC balance. Receiver comprises of special symbol detector, elastic buffer and 8b/10b decoder. Elastic buffer is nothing but a FIFO operated with two clocks. While a transaction, at one device Recovered Clock from the received data and the clock transmitted at another device may slightly differ. So, Recovered clock and the receiver clock will differ. In this case data corruption will occur. To avoid this situation elastic buffers are used and the data recovered through special symbols. When ever recovered clock is faster than system clock, there is overflow in the buffer. And when recovered clock is slower than system clock underflow in the elastic buffer will occur. 8b/10b decoder gives 8bit character and data/control signals. Disparity error and Decode error can be known though this module. If any error is present in the received data then loopback signal is generated. This work uses VHDL to model different blocks of the PCS of physical layer of PCI Express. The RTL code is simulated, synthesized and implemented using the ISE 10.1 from Xilinx and the Spartan 3E FPGA was targeted for implementation

EFFECT OF YOHIMBINE ON CLOMIPRAMINE-INDUCED SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION IN MALE RATS

Object: The present investigation has been carried out to find out the effect of yohimbine on clomipramine-induced sexual dysfunction in male rats.Methods: The male rats were treated with clomipramine and yohimbine simultaneously for 60 days. During the treatment, all the male rats werechallenged with the female rats which are in estrous phase and their sexual behavior was observed under dim red light. Half of the animals in each group and remaining on 60 day were sacrificed, blood was collected and serum separated. Testis was collected and preserved in 10% formalin forsubsequent histopathological examination. thResults: The study reveals that yohimbine failed to antagonize the clomipramine-induced sexual dysfunction in male rats in all aspects, except thepartial improvement in the sexual behavior.Conclusion: Yohimbine a well-known aphrodisiac failed to antagonize the clomipramine-induced sexual dysfunction in male rats. The decrease intestosterone levels, a decrease in spermatozoa count were continued even in the presence of yohimbine except improvement in the sexual behaviorparameters. Hence, yohimbine could not be a safe antidote against clomipramine-induced sexual dysfunction in male rats.Keywords: Yohimbine, Clomipramine, Testosterone, Male rat sexual competence, Testicular damage

Ultra-low power circuits using graphene p-n junctions and adiabatic computing

Recent works have proven the functionality of electrostatically controlled graphene p–n junctions that can serve as basic primitive for the implementation of a new class of compact graphene-based reconfigurable multiplexer logic gates. Those gates, referred as RG-MUXes, while having higher expressive power and better performance w.r.t. standard CMOS gates, they also have the drawback of being intrinsically less power/energy efficient. In this work we address this problem from a circuit perspective, namely, we revisit RG-MUXes as devices that can operate adiabatically and hence with ultra-low (ideally, almost zero) power consumption. More specifically, we show how to build basic logic gates and, eventually, more complex logic functions, by appropriately interconnecting graphene-based p–n junctions as to implement the adiabatic charging principle. We provide a comparison in terms of power and performance against both adiabatic CMOS and their non-adiabatic graphene-based counterparts; characterization results collected from SPICE simulations on a set of representative functions show that the proposed ultra-low power graphene circuits can operate with 1.5–4 orders of magnitude less average power w.r.t. adiabatic CMOS and non-adiabatic graphene counterparts respectively. When it comes to performance, adiabatic graphene shows 1.3 (w.r.t. adiabatic CMOS) to 4.5 orders of magnitude (w.r.t. non-adiabatic technologies) better power-delay product

SELF-NANO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (SNEDDS) FOR ORAL DELIVERY OF ATORVASTATIN- FORMULATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY STUDIES

The aim of the study was to develop a self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for the  atorvastatin which belongs to BCS class II lipid lowering agent with poor water solubility and dissolution rate. The solubility of atorvastatin in individual micro emulsion components viz. oil and surfactants was determined. The surfactants were screened for emulsification ability. Based on the solubility determinations and emulsification properties oleic acid as oil; surfactants Brij 80 and Tween 80 were selected for further study. The solubility of atorvastatin in different ratios of selected oil and surfactants was determined. The composition of oil: Surfactant with maximum solubility for atorvastatin was used for SNEDDS formulation. Ternary phase diagrams were used to evaluate the micro emulsification existence area. The micro emulsions were evaluated for emulsion droplet size, self-emulsification time, phase separation, in vitro dissolution and stability. SNEDDS formulations found to be self-emulsified in 70 to 120 seconds without precipitation and their mean droplet sizes was 150 to 230 nm. Among the optimized formulations, formulation BF4 showed highest in vitro drug release. Formulation BF4 was composed of 20% oleic acid, 60% tween 80 and 20% brij 30 showed significant increases in the dissolution rate (99.65%) in 90 minutes and intestinal absorption (86.67%) than marketed product with 56.86% release and 45.34% oral absorption. Stability studies were conducted according to the Q1 ICH guidelines and found stable at different conditions