Mean average of readiness potential amplitudes preceding the grasping of pleasant, unpleasant and neutral stimuli for each analyzed channel (C3, CZ and C4).

<p>The mean readiness potential amplitude found for unpleasant stimulus was higher and that for pleasant stimuli lower relative to the observed for neutral stimuli.</p

Mean and standard deviation values of readiness potential amplitudes.

<p>The late readiness potential mean amplitude was significantly (in bold) higher than the early readiness potential mean amplitude both in C3 and C4 channels.</p

Interference of warnings on the manipulation of cigarette packs.

<p>(A) The participant grabs a holder with his/her dominant hand. Unseen by the participant, the experimenter places a cigarette pack on the holder, exposing either the brand face or the warning face. Upon illumination, the participant quickly flexes the arm. The latency between illumination and action (reaction time) is measured. (B) Reaction times for smokers. Reaction time when the warning face is exposed (left column of the graph) is significantly longer compared to when the brand face is exposed (right column). The results reveal that warnings impose a significant cost to the manipulation of the pack.</p

Characteristics of the sample population.

<p>Characteristics of the sample population.</p

Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) showing clusters in the left pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and the right ventral premotor cortex.

<p>There are significant differences in gray matter volume between the PTSD and control groups.</p