46 research outputs found
SPROUTING ENERGY, GERMINABILITY AND ROOTLET LENGTH IN CORRELATION WITH SEED SIZE OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annus)
Tijekom 1994. i 1995. godine u laboratoriju Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Osijeku obavljene su analize utjecaja krupnoÄe sjemena suncokreta na energiju klijanja, klijavost i dužinu primarnih klicinih korjenÄiÄa. Pokus je postavljen sa 2 hibrida suncokreta (Fakir i OsjeÄanin) u 5 ponavljanja sa 3000 pojedinaÄnih mjerenja. NajveÄe vrijednosti energije klijanja kod hibrida Fakir postigle su frakcije sjemena promjera 3.5 mm i 2.75 mm (80.5%), a najmanje frakcija sjemena promjera 2.5 mm (69.0%). Ispoljene razlike pokazale su se statistiÄki znaÄajne (p < 0.05* ). Kod hibrida OsjeÄanin najveÄe vrijednosti energije klijanja postigla je frakcija sjemena promjera 3.5 mm (84.4%), slijedi fakcija 2.5 mm (81,6%) a najmanje vrijednosti imala je frakcija 2.75 mm (80.0%). Ispoljene razlike statistiÄki nisu znaÄajne (ns). NajveÄe vrijednosti ukupne klijavosti kod hibrida Fakir postigla je frakcija sjemena promjera 3.5 mm (90.8%), slijedi frakcija sjemena 2.75 mm (89,5%), a najmanje vrijednosti imala je frakcija sjemena promjera 2.5 mm (88,0%). Ispoljene razlike statistiÄki nisu znaÄajne (ns). NajveÄe vrijednosti ukupne klijavosti kod hibrida OsjeÄanin postigla je frakcija sjemena promjera 3.5 mm (85.6%), slijedi frakcija sjemna 2.75 mm (84.0%) a najmanje vrijednosti imala je frakcija sjemena promjera 2.5 mm (83. 8%). Ispoljene razlike statistiÄki nisu znaÄajne (ns). Dužina primarnih klicinih korjenÄiÄa takoÄer je varirala po frakcijama sjemena, ali i po hibridima. NajveÄe prosjeÄne vrijednosti dužine korjenÄiÄa kod hibrida Fakir ostvarila frakcija sjemena promjera 3.5 mm (7.95 cm), slijedi frakcija sjemena 2.75 mm (6.67 cm) a najniže vrijednosti imala je frakcija sjemena promjera 2.5 mm (5.86 cm). SliÄni rezultati dobiveni su i kod hibrida OsjeÄanin tako da je najduži korjenÄiÄ postigla najkrupnija frakcija, a najkraÄi najsitnija frakcija sjemena. Ispoljene razlike u dužini korjenÄiÄa izmeÄu pojedinih frakcija sjemena, kod oba hibrida, pokazale su se statistiÄki visoko opravdane (P < 0.01** ).In the laboratory of the Agricultural faculty in Osijek - CROATIA, the analysis of seed size (seed fractions of 3.5 mm, 2.75 mm and 2.5 mm) on sprouting energy, germinability and rotlet length has been was made, during 1994 and 1995. Fakir and OsjeÄanin sunflower varieties were used for the analysis. Seed fraction of 3.5 mm achieved the greatest sprouting energy (variety Fakir 80.5% and variety OsjeÄanin 84.4%). Seed fraction of 2.5 mm achieved the smallest sprouting energy in variety Fakir (69.0%) and seed fraction of 2.75 mm in variety OsjeÄanin (80.0%). By statistical analysis, between investigated seed fractions, demonstrated differences of sprouting energy in variety Fakir were significant (p < 0.05*) and in variety OsjeÄanin were not significant (ns). Seed fractions of 3.5 mm achieved the greatest germinability in both varieties (variety Fakir 90.8% and variety OsjeÄanin 85.6%). Seed fractions of 2.5 mm achieved the smallest germinability in both varieties (variety Fakir 88.0% and variety OsjeÄanin 83.8%). By statistical analysis the values obtained by measuring germinability in both varieties, demonstrated differences between seed fractions which were not significant (ns). Seed fractions of 3.5 mm achieved the greatest rootlet length in both varieties (variety Fakir 7.95 cm and variety OsjeÄanin 7.15 cm). Seed fractions of 2.5 mm achieved the smallest rootlet length in both varieties (variety Fakir 5.86 cm and variety OsjeÄanin 6.17 cm). By statistical analysis, between investigated seed fractions, demonstrated differences of sunflower rootlet length were very significant (P < 0.01**), in both varieties
IMPROVEMENT SIGNIFICANCE OF SOME QUANTITATIVE SUNFLOWER PROPERTIES AND THEIR EFFECT ON OIL YIELD PER HECTARE
Heritability and correlations of quantitative traits in sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)
Istraživanja su provedena na 14 hibrida stvorenih u okviru oplemenjivaÄkog programa Poljoprivrednog instituta Osijek. Pokusi su postavljeni po sluÄajnom bloknom rasporedu u Äetiri ponavljanja tijekom tri godine (2002-2004) na lokalitetu Osijek. Analizirana su svojstva: visina biljke, masa 1000 zrna, hektolitarska masa, prinos zrna, sadržaj ulja i prinos ulja. Procjenjena je heritabilnost, genetska dobit i provedena path analiza povezanosti istraživanih svojstava i prinosa ulja. Istraživani hibridi su se znaÄajno razlikovali u svim ana-liziranim svojstvima. Procjenjene su visoke vrijednosti heritabilnosti za visinu biljke, masu 1000 zrna, hektolitarsku masu i sadržaj ulja. Heritabilnost za svojstva prinos zrna i prinos ulja je pokazala niže vrijednosti. NajveÄu izravnu genetsku dobit imala su svojstva visina biljke i sadržaj ulja, a najmanju prinos zrna i prinos ulja. NajveÄe direktne utjecaje na prinos ulja ostvarili su prinos zrna i sadržaj ulja.Investigations were carried out with 14 hybrid create in frame of the Agricultural Institute Osijek breeding program. Trials were established as randomize block design in four replication during three years (2002-2004) in region of Osijek. Following traits were analyzed: plant height, 1000 kernel weight, hectolitre mass, grain and oil yield and oil content. Heritability, genetic gain and path analysis correlation between investigated traits and oil yield were evaluated. Investigation hybrids showed significant difference for all analyzed traits. High value heritability for plant height, 1000 kernel weight, hectolitre mass and oil content were evaluated. Heritability for grain and oil yield showed lower value. The biggest genetic gain showed plant height and oil content, and the lowest grain and oil yield. The strongest direct effects to oil yield were assessed for grain yield and oil content
Heritability and correlations of quantitative traits in sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)
Istraživanja su provedena na 14 hibrida stvorenih u okviru oplemenjivaÄkog programa Poljoprivrednog instituta Osijek. Pokusi su postavljeni po sluÄajnom bloknom rasporedu u Äetiri ponavljanja tijekom tri godine (2002-2004) na lokalitetu Osijek. Analizirana su svojstva: visina biljke, masa 1000 zrna, hektolitarska masa, prinos zrna, sadržaj ulja i prinos ulja. Procjenjena je heritabilnost, genetska dobit i provedena path analiza povezanosti istraživanih svojstava i prinosa ulja. Istraživani hibridi su se znaÄajno razlikovali u svim ana-liziranim svojstvima. Procjenjene su visoke vrijednosti heritabilnosti za visinu biljke, masu 1000 zrna, hektolitarsku masu i sadržaj ulja. Heritabilnost za svojstva prinos zrna i prinos ulja je pokazala niže vrijednosti. NajveÄu izravnu genetsku dobit imala su svojstva visina biljke i sadržaj ulja, a najmanju prinos zrna i prinos ulja. NajveÄe direktne utjecaje na prinos ulja ostvarili su prinos zrna i sadržaj ulja.Investigations were carried out with 14 hybrid create in frame of the Agricultural Institute Osijek breeding program. Trials were established as randomize block design in four replication during three years (2002-2004) in region of Osijek. Following traits were analyzed: plant height, 1000 kernel weight, hectolitre mass, grain and oil yield and oil content. Heritability, genetic gain and path analysis correlation between investigated traits and oil yield were evaluated. Investigation hybrids showed significant difference for all analyzed traits. High value heritability for plant height, 1000 kernel weight, hectolitre mass and oil content were evaluated. Heritability for grain and oil yield showed lower value. The biggest genetic gain showed plant height and oil content, and the lowest grain and oil yield. The strongest direct effects to oil yield were assessed for grain yield and oil content
THE EFFECTS OF SOWING DENSITIES ON YIELD OF KERNELS AND OIL, INCLUDING OTHER IMPORTANT AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER
Pojava i intenzitet plamenjaÄe na sjemenu soje u odnosu na rokove sjetve
The main objective of this research was to determinate the impact of downy mildew on soybean seed regarding to planting dates, as well as evaluated differences in occurrence and intensity of disease on seed among tested genotype (cultivar) and years, respectively. Infection of downy mildew in this trial was natural under field conditions. Four-year investigation (1998-2001) was undertaken on 10 domestic soybean cultivars with different level of resistance on downy mildew. The investigation was set up in two planting date (optimal and delayed) on experimental fields of the Agricultural Institute Osijek, Croatia. The obtained results indicate on significant differences in the occurrence and intensity of downy mildew on soybean seed among tested planting dates, cultivars and years. Variability of expression grain yield and percentage of diseased seed were caused by genotypic variability (cultivar) and environmental variability (year and planting date).Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti pojavu i intenzitet plamenjaÄe na sjemenu soje u odnosu na rok sjetve kao i procijeniti razlike u pojavi i intenzitetu bolesti na sjemenu izmeÄu testiranih geno-tipova (kultivara) i godina. Provedeno je ÄetverogodiÅ”nje istraživanje (1998.-2001.) na 10 domaÄih kultivara soje sa razliÄitim nivoom otpornosti na plamenjaÄu. Istraživanje je postavljeno u dva roka sjetve (optimalni i odgoÄeni) na eksperimentalnom polju Poljoprivrednog instituta Osijek, Hrvatska. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na znaÄajne razlike u pojavi i intenzitetu plamenjaÄe na sjemenu soje izmeÄu testiranih rokova sjetve, kultivara i godina. Varijabilnost u ekspresiji uroda zrna i postotku oboljelog zrna uzrokovana je genetskom varijabilnoÅ”Äu (kultivar) i varijabilnoÅ”Äu okoline (godina i rok sjetve)
SUNFLOWER BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION IN THE AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE OSIJEK
OplemenjivaÄki rad na suncokretu u Poljoprivrednom institutu Osijek zapoÄeo je prije 30-ak godina. Tada je poÄeo proces stvaranja inbred linija pretežito iz visokouljnih ruskih sorti suncokreta koje su se tada uzgajale u Hrvatskoj. Prije 25 godina u oplemenjivaÄkom radu poÄeli smo koristiti izvore citoplazmatske muÅ”ke sterilnosti (cms) ,te izvore restorer gena (rf) za obnavljanje fertilnosti u Fā hibridnoj generaciji. Tijekom proteklog razdoblja stvoreno je mnogo samooplodnih linija dobrih opÄih i specifiÄnih kombinatornih sposobnosti (OKS i SKS). Oplemenjivanje suncokreta, kao i ostalih ratarskih kultura, najuÄinkovitiji je i za okoliÅ” najprihvatljiviji naÄin za poveÄanje koliÄine i kakvoÄe hrane. Glavni cilj naÅ”eg rada je stvaranje novih, superiornih, hibrida visokog uroda zrna (iznad 5 t/ha), sadržaja ulja (iznad 50%), te visokog i stabilnog uroda ulja (iznad 2 t/ha). Za ostvarenje ovih ciljeva potrebno je stvoriti hibride niske do srednje visoke stabljike, poveÄati otpornost na polijeganje i suÅ”u, te poveÄati žetveni indeks. Posebna pozornost posveÄuje se stvaranju linija s naglaÅ”enom tolerantnoÅ”Äu prema dominantnim patogenima: Plasmopara halstedii, Alternaria helianthi, Macrophomina phaseolina, Phoma macdonaldi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum i Phomopsis helianthi. Osim toga, potrebno je stvoriti hibride kraÄe vegetacije (110-120 dana), s dužim trajanjem lisne povrÅ”ine (Leaf area duration - LAD). Rezultat dosadaÅ”njeg rada je 12 priznatih hibrida suncokreta, koji su uvelike doprinjeli poveÄanju proizvodnje suncokreta u Republici Hrvatskoj.TakoÄer su dva hibrida suncokreta Poljoprivrednog instituta Osijek priznata u Republici SlovaÄkoj. Kvalitetno sjemenarstvo suncokreta najznaÄajniji je proces u održavanju genetske ÄistoÄe linija i hibrida. U Hrvatskoj se sve ÄeÅ”Äe susreÄemo s problemom pronalaženja odgovarajuÄih povrÅ”ina i potrebne prostorne izolacije. BuduÄi da nova generacija naÅ”ih hibrida suncokreta ima visok sadržaj ulja, posebna pozornost mora se posvetiti pravovremenoj žetvi i brzoj dopremi sjemena u doradbene kapacitete.Sunflower breeding in the Agricultural Institute Osijek started 30 years ago. At that time began a process of creation inbred lines from high oil Russian sunflower varieties that were grown then in Croatia. In breeding work, we began with usage sources of cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) and restorer genes (rf) for fertility restoring in Fā hybrid generation 25 years ago. During last period, a plenty of inbred lines with good general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) have created. Sunflower breeding as well as breeding of other field crops is the most efficient and environmentally the most accepted way for increasing food quantity and quality. Main goal of our work is creation of new superior hybrids with high grain yield (over 5 t/ha), oil content (over 50%), and high and stable oil yield (over 2 t/ha). For realization of these goals, it is needed to create hybrids with short to middle high stalk, increase resistance to logging and drought, and increase harvesting index. Special attention is devoted to creation inbred lines with emphasized tolerance to dominant pathogens: Plasmopara halstedii, Alternaria helianthi, Macrophomina phaseolina, Phoma macdonaldi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Phomopsis helianthi. Furthermore, it is necessary to create hybrids of shorter vegetation (120- 125 days), with longer duration of leaf area (Leaf area duration - LAD). Result of hereunto work is 12 approved sunflower hybrids that have given a large contribution to increasing sunflower production in Republic of Croatia. Also, in Republic of Slovakia have approved two sunflower hybrids of the Agricultural Institute Osijek. Sunflower qualitative seed production is the most important process in maintenance of genetic purity of lines and hybrids. In Croatia, we often meet a problem of finding appropriate areas and required space isolation. Due to high oil content of our new sunflower hybrids generation, a special attention have to be given to on time harvesting and fast delivery of seed to processing facilities
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON OIL CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF NEW OS-HYBRID COMBINATIONS OF SUNFLOWER
U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja 17 novih OS-hibridnih kombinacija suncokreta kroz tri godine (2009.-2011.) na dvije lokacije (Nova GradiÅ”ka i Osijek), s ciljem da se utvrdi varijabilnost sadržaja ulja i sastav masnih kiselina u ulju u razliÄitim okolinama. UtvrÄene su statistiÄki znaÄajne razlike u sadržaju ulja i sastavu masnih kiselina izmeÄu godina, lokacija i hibrida. ProsjeÄan sadržaj ulja iznosio je 48,74 %, sadržaj palmitinske kiseline (C16:0) 5,626%, stearinske (C18:0) 3,682%, oleinske (C18:1) 24,741% i linolne (C18:2) 64,447%. Na obje lokacije, najveÄi je sadržaj ulja bio 2011. godine (50,97%), 2009. oleinske kiseline (27,379%), a 2010. najveÄi sadržaj linolne kiseline (66,153%). StatistiÄki znaÄajno veÄi sadržaj ulja, palmitinske i linolne kiseline ostvaren je na lokaciji Nova GradiÅ”ka. Na lokaciji Osijek ostvaren je statistiÄki znaÄajno veÄi sadržaj oleinske kiseline (25,820%). Palmitinska, stearinska i linolna kiselina bile su u statistiÄki visoko znaÄajnoj srednje jakoj do jakoj pozitivnoj korelaciji sa sadržajem ulja, a oleinska kiselina u jakoj negativnoj korelaciji (-0,660**). Odnos oleinske i linolne kiseline bio je statistiÄki znaÄajno u visoko negativnoj korelaciji (-0,974**).This paper presents the results of 17 new OS-hybrid combinations of sunflower during three years (2009-2011) on two locations (Nova GradiÅ”ka and Osijek) aiming to determine the variability of oil content and fatty acid composition of the oil in different environments. There were statistically significant differences in oil content and fatty acid composition between years, locations and hybrids. The average oil content was 48.74%, the content of palmitic acid (C16:0) 5.626%, stearic (C18:0) 3.682%, oleic (C18:1), 24.741% and linoleic (C18:2) 64.447%. On both locations, the highest oil content was in 2011 (50.97%), oleic acid (27.379%) in 2009, and in 2010 the highest content of linoleic acid (66.153%). Statistically significant higher oil content, palmitic and linoleic acids were achieved on Nova GradiÅ”ka location. Statistically significant higher content of oleic acid (25.820%) was achieved on Osijek location. Palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids were in statistically high significant medium strong to strong positive correlation with oil content, and oleic acid in a strong negative correlation (-0.660**). The ratio of oleic and linoleic acid was statistically significant in high negative correlation (-0.974**)
Influence of side branches nipping in sunflower restorer lines on seed yield and quality
Tijekom 2005. godine, na pokusnom polju i u laboratoriju Poljopri-vrednog instituta Osijek, obavljena su istraživanja utjecaja zakidanja boÄnih grana dviju granatih restorer (RF) linija suncokreta u slobodnoj oplodnji na urod i kakvoÄu sjemena.
Nakon žetve, na osnovu promjera glava, formirane su grupe. Unutar svake grupe odreÄena je masa sjemena, a zatim je sjeme pomoÄu sita pravokutnih otvora Å”irine od 2 do 5 mm podjeljeno u 4-6 frakcija. Na tri najzastupljenije frakcije, unutar svih grupa sjemena, odreÄena je masa 1000 zrna, energija klijanja i klijavost.
Za obe granate linije, promjer centralnih glava je bio od 6 do 14 cm, sa prosjeÄnom masom sjemena po glavi za RF-1 liniju 2.81-11.51 g, a za RF-2 liniju 5.32-13.58 g. Kod linija sa zakinutim boÄnim granama, promjeri glava bili su od 8 do 22 cm. ProsjeÄna masa sjemena po glavi za RF-1 liniju bila je 7.55-37.90 g, a za RF-2 liniju 11.55-33.94 g.
Masa 1000 zrna se poveÄavala s poveÄanjem promjera glave, odnosno frakcije sjemena. Granata RF-1 linija je imala masu 1000 zrna 22.7-40.7 g, odnosno 26.3-73.1 g kod biljaka sa zakinutim boÄnim granama. RF-2 linija je imala veÄu masu 1000 zrna od prethodne linije, kod granatih biljaka bila je 30.0-52.0 g, a kod biljaka sa zakinutim boÄnim granama 37.6-91.9 g.
Za energiju klijanja i klijavost sjemena, obzirom na promjer glave, utvrÄene su statistiÄki znaÄajne razlike (P=0.01) za obe granate linije, te za RF-2 liniju sa zakinutim boÄnim granama. Obzirom na frakcije sjemena, statistiÄki znaÄajne razlike (P=0.05) naÄene su za klijavost sjemena na RF-1 liniji sa zakinutim boÄnim granama, te na granatoj RF-2 liniji, dok za energiju klijanja nije utvrÄena znaÄajna razlika za analizirane grupe.During 2005 year, on the trial field and laboratory of the Agricultural Institute Osijek have done researches of side branches nipping influence in two sunflower branched restorer (RF) lines in open pollination on seed yield and quality.
After harvesting, on the basis of head diameter, groups were formed. Within each group seed mass is determined, followed by seed separation in 4-6 fractions using sieves of oblong holes width from 2 to 5 mm. On the largest three fractions, within all seed groups, were determined mass of 1000 grains, vigor and germination.
For both branched lines, diameter of central heads was from 6 to 14 cm, with average seed mass per head in RF-1 line 2.81-11.51 g, and in RF-2 line 5.32-13.58 g. In lines with nipped side branches, diameters of heads were from 8 to 22 cm. Average seed mass per head in RF-1 line was 7.55-37.90 g, and in RF-2 line 11.55-33.94 g.
Mass of 1000 grains has increased with increasing of head diameter and seed fraction, respectively. Branched RF-1 line had mass of 1000 grains 22.7-40.7 g, and 26.3-73.1 g in plants with nipped side branches. RF-2 line had higher mass of 1000 grains in relation to the previous line, in branched plants 30.0-52.0 g, and in nipped side branches plants 37.6-91.9 g.
For vigor and seed germination, regarding head diameter, have established statistically significant differences (P=0.01) in both branched lines, and RF-2 line with nipped side branches. Regarding seed fractions, statistically significant differences (P=0.05) have found for seed germination in RF-1 line with nipped side branches, and branched RF-2 line, while for vigor have not been significant differences in all analyzed groups
Combining abilities and gene effect for 1000 seed weight and hectoliter mass in sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)
Masa 1000 zrna i hektolitarska masa su svojstva kojima se u oplemenjivaÄkom programu na suncokretu u Poljoprivrednom institutu Osijek poklanja znaÄajna pozornost. Važan segment kod izbora po-željnih linija za navedena svojstva predstavlja procjena opÄih (OKS) i specifiÄnih (SKS) kombinacijskih sposobnosti, uÄinaka gena te izdvajanje najboljih hibridnih kombinacija. Istraživanjem je obuhvaÄeno 6 inbred linija, 15 dvolinijskih križanaca, 15 eksperimentalnih trolinijskih križanaca i tri priznata hibrida. U procjeni kombinacijskih sposobnosti koriÅ”tena je Griffingova analiza dialelnih križanja. NajveÄom masom 1000 zrna u prvoj godini istraživanja (1999) istiÄe se 5A x 302 B, a u drugoj godini (101A x 103B) x RH- 28 i Fakir. NajviÅ”e vrijednosti hektolitarske mase u prvoj godini imali su križanci 5A x 103B i 5A x 302B, a u drugoj (272A x 302B) x RH- 28 i Olio. Linija L-5 ostvarila je najveÄe uÄinke OKS za oba istraživana svojstva, a pored nje dobar opÄi kombinator za masu 1000 zrna je linija L-103. Najbolje kombi-nacije za masu 1000 zrna su 5A x 302B i 101A x 103B. UÄinci SKS za hektolitarsku masu nisu bili znaÄajni. VeÄi je udio genetske u odnosu na okolinsku, te aditivne u odnosu na dominantnu varijancu za masu 1000 zrna.Thousand seed weight and hectoliter mass are traits which in sunflower breeding program at Agricultural Institute Osijek is given significant attention. Important part in selection of desirable lines for mentioned traits presents estimation of general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability, gene effect and selection of the best hybrid combinations. This investigation conducts 6 inbread lines, 15 two-way crosses, 15 experimental three-way crosses and three recognized hybrids. Griffings\u27 analysis of diallel crossing is used in combining ability estimation. The highest 1000 seed weight in first year of investigation (1999) had combination 5A x 302 B, and in second year (101A x 103B) x RH- 28 and Fakir. The highest hectoliter mass values in first year had crosses 5A x 103B and 5A x 302B, and in second (272A x 302B) x RH- 28 and Olio. Line L-5 obtained the highest effects of GCA for both investigated traits, and beside this line, good general combinatory for 1000 seed weight is line L-103. The best combinations for 1000 seed weight are 5A x 302B and 101A x 103B. An effect of SCA for hectoliter mass wasnāt significant. Higher is a part of genetic in relation to environmental, and additive in relation to dominant variance for 1000 seed weight