Impact Printing

This article introduces the concept of Impact Printing, a new additive manufacturing (AM) method that aggregates malleable discrete elements (or soft particles) by a robotic shooting process. The bonding between the soft particles stems from the transformation of kinetic energy, gained during the acceleration phase, into plastic deformation upon impact. Hence, no additional binding material is needed between the soft particles; the cohesion and self-interlocking capacities of the material itself acts as the primary binding agent. Shooting, and consequent impacting, forces can be modulated and result in distinct compaction ratios. By linearly shooting material, we decouple the deposition apparatus from the produced parts and provide flexibility to the deposition process to potentially build in any directions or onto uncontrolled surfaces. Impact Printing produces parts with formal characteristics standing between brick laying-assembly of discrete building blocks-and 3D Printing-computer-controlled depositioning or solidifying of material. It brings forward a novel digital fabrication method and an alternative to the conventional continuous AM process. This article validates the Impact Printing approach with a series of prototypical experiments, conducted with a robotic fabrication setup consisting of a six-axis robotic arm mounted with a material shooting apparatus, that forms, orients, and projects the soft particles. We will explain and demonstrate its principles and define the fabrication parameters, such as shooting force, shooting distance, and the resulting aggregations' characteristics.ISSN:2329-7662ISSN:2329-767

Robotic Landscapes—Designing the Unfinished

Robotic earthmoving equipment is dramatically changing the way landscapes can be formed and maintained. Landscapes evolve through constantly changing conditions, and a dynamic response to natural environments can never be considered final. Autonomous systems can enable this adaptive and continuous transformation of terrain instead of simply creating predefined and static earthworks. Robotic Landscapes—Designing the Unfinished opens up insights into landscape design’s evolving culture by proposing a new equilibrium between natural and mechanical forces. Reflecting on a series of design research experiments on granular materials at the department of architecture at ETH Zurich, this book is designed to demonstrate the importance of successive design iterations in framing, forming, and finding. Each page reveals computational procedures where functional terrain structures emerge, each capable of sustaining a dynamic landscape that is forever changing