Production of bioactive lactobionic acid using a novel catalytic method

Acide lactobioniqu

Nanocrystalline Cellulose as Effect Pigment in Clear Coatings for Wood

Nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) is a renewable material with high potential in many applications. Due to its unique self-assembly and optical properties, CNC tends to behave as an iridescent pigment. The aim of this research was to explore the potential of CNC as an effect pigment in wood coatings. CNC-based coatings were developed from an aqueous CNC solution, a UV-curable water-based clear coating formulation, several colorants, and specialized additives. In this paper, the morphology of the resulting CNC films was investigated through circular dichroism and optical microscopy under polarized light. The effect of the CNC surface charge changes was monitored through zeta potential measurements. Color changes, or travel, and flop index were used to assess the iridescent effect of the coatings containing CNC. The experimental wood coatings contained CNC showed that the enhancement of the iridescent effect depends on the distribution and alignment of the CNC rod-like particles in order to generate the right pitch in the helical structure and their interaction with the polymer matrix as well with the additives. In conclusion, CNC could be successfully used as effect pigment in finishing systems, which can enhance the attractiveness and bring out the special grain of various types of wood.ISSN:2090-874

UV-LED curing efficiency of wood coatings

Ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) have attracted great interest in recent years. They can be used to polymerize coatings, such as those used for prefinished wood flooring. In this project, two lamps were compared for their suitability to be used on a wood flooring finishing line: a UV-microwave and a UV-LED lamp. Low heat emission was found for the UV-LED lamp compared to the UV-microwave one. This study also reveals that the 4 W/cm2 UV-LED lamp used is not powerful enough to cure UV high solids acrylate coatings while satisfactory results can be obtained for UV water-based formulations. In fact, conversion percentages were found to be low for the high solids coatings, leaving the coatings tacky. Higher conversion percentages were obtained for the UV water-based formulations. As a result, mass loss, hardness, and scratch resistance found for the samples cured by UV-LED were closed to the ones found for the samples cured using the UV microwave lamp

Revêtements nanocomposites anti-UV pour le bois à usage extérieur

Les produits de la forêt dans les applications architecturales ou décoratives extérieurs sont souvent défavorisés par leur durabilité limitée et la préservation de leur apparence. La demande pour des revêtements extérieurs pour le bois à haute durabilité, la technologie verte et les nouvelles règlementations environnementales en matière d’émission des COV (composés organiques volatils) poussent l'industrie à développer des nouvelles formulations de peintures à base d’eau qui possèdent des performances équivalentes ou supérieures à celles des peintures à base de solvant organique. En effet, ce projet a comme but l’amélioration de la durabilité du bois en usage extérieur en utilisant des revêtements nanocomposites à base d’eau qui contiennent des absorbeurs UV inorganiques à taille nanométrique. Des nanoparticules de ZnO et TiO2 modifiées en surface contre la dégradation photocatalitique ont été choisies afin d’être dispersées sous forme de poudre et sous forme de dispersions aqueuses dans une formulation commerciale à base d’eau de teinture acrylique latex fournie par Sico Ltd. Montréal – Akzo Nobel, Canada. La durabilité des teintures nanocomposites appliquées sur de l’épinette noire a été étudiée par le vieillissement accéléré. La dégradation des revêtements nanocomposites due au vieillissement artificiel a été déterminée par le changement de l’apparence (couleur et brillance), la perte en épaisseur, le changement de la température de la transition vitreuse (Tg) et le changement de propriétés mécaniques (l’adhérence, l’abrasion, dureté, module d’élasticité). Le développement des produits de photo-oxydation à la surface des revêtements vieillis a été démontré par la spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier. La microscopie à force atomique a été employée pour visualiser la dégradation des surfaces de revêtements soumis au vieillissement artificiel afin d’établir leur mécanisme de dégradation. La qualité de la dispersion des nanoparticules dans les films nanocomposites ainsi que la tenue du film sur le substrat en bois ont été vérifiés par la microscopie électronique à balayage et à transmission. Les études thermiques effectuées par la calorimétrie différentielle à balayage et l’analyse thermogravimétrique ainsi que la perméabilité aux vapeurs d’eau ont servi à mieux caractériser les nouveaux revêtements nanocomposites. En conclusion, une protection efficace contre les UV est directement reliée à la dispersion homogène des nanoparticules dans le revêtement nanocomposite. La compatibilité avec la matrice acrylique de dispersant utilisée pour la prédispersion de nanoparticules et le type de modification à la surface de nanoparticules sont très importants pour prévenir l’agrégation des nanoparticules dans le revêtement sec. Finalement, une série de revêtements nanocomposites à haute performance a été sélectionnée. Les résultats obtenus confirment l’avantage de l’utilisation des absorbeurs inorganiques UV de taille nanométrique dans les revêtements extérieurs et par conséquent, de nombreuses possibilités de l’application de la nanotechnologie se sont ouvertes dans la reformulation des teintures à base d’eau destinées au bois.The forest products designated to architectural or exterior decorative applications are often disadvantaged by their limited durability and appearance preservation. High performance exterior wood coatings demand, green technologies and the VOCs environmental legislations push industry to develop waterborne formulations that pose equivalent or superior performance as the solventborne ones. Consequently, the main objective of this project is to improve the exterior wood durability by using waterborne nanocomposite coatings that contain nanosized inorganic UV absorbers. Surface modified ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles against photocatalytic choose to disperse under powder and water-based dispersions into a commercial waterborne acrylic stain formulation for deck from Sico Ltd. Montreal – Akzo Nobel, Canada. The durability of nanocomposite coatings supported by black spruce wood was studied by artificial aging. Nanocomposites coatings degradation was followed by appearance (gloss and color measurements), thickness, glass transition temperature (Tg) and mechanical properties (adhesion, abrasion, hardness and elastic modulus) changes. Photo-oxidation products growth on the degraded surface of aged wood coatings was monitorized by Fourier Transform - Infrared Spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy was used to visualise the aged coatings degraded surface in order to establish their mechanism of degradation under artificial exposure. The nanoparticles dispersion quality in the dry nanocomposites films and also films adherence on the wood substrate were verified by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) and water vapour permeability were employed for a better characterization of the new nanocomposite coatings. In conclusion, an efficient UV protection is directly connected with an homogeneous dispersion of the nanoparticles in nanocomposite coating. Dispersant compatibility that was used to predisperse the nanoparticles and modification type of nanoparticles are crucial in preventing nanoparticles agglomeration in the dry coating. Finally, a series of high performance nanocomposites coatings was selected. The obtained results confirm the advantage of using inorganic nanosized UV absorbers in exterior coatings and consequently various possibilities of nanotechnologies applications are open into reformulating waterborne coating for wood

Nanocrystalline Cellulose as Effect Pigment in Clear Coatings for Wood

Nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) is a renewable material with high potential in many applications. Due to its unique self-assembly and optical properties, CNC tends to behave as an iridescent pigment. The aim of this research was to explore the potential of CNC as an effect pigment in wood coatings. CNC-based coatings were developed from an aqueous CNC solution, a UV-curable water-based clear coating formulation, several colorants, and specialized additives. In this paper, the morphology of the resulting CNC films was investigated through circular dichroism and optical microscopy under polarized light. The effect of the CNC surface charge changes was monitored through zeta potential measurements. Color changes, or travel, and flop index were used to assess the iridescent effect of the coatings containing CNC. The experimental wood coatings contained CNC showed that the enhancement of the iridescent effect depends on the distribution and alignment of the CNC rod-like particles in order to generate the right pitch in the helical structure and their interaction with the polymer matrix as well with the additives. In conclusion, CNC could be successfully used as effect pigment in finishing systems, which can enhance the attractiveness and bring out the special grain of various types of wood.ISSN:2090-874

MIRELA SIMONA VLAD-CRISTEA REVÊTEMENTS NANOCOMPOSITES ANTI-UV

à la Faculté des études supérieures de l’Université Laval dans le cadre du programme de doctorat en sciences du bois pour l’obtention du grade de Philosophiae Doctor (Ph. D.