Advanced Chemical Experimentation and Instrumentation

Advanced experimentation, with particular emphasis on chemical synthesis and the fundamentals of quantum chemistry illustrated through molecular spectroscopy. Instruction and practice in the written and oral presentation of experimental results

Intermediate Chemical Experimentation

5.32 involves more advanced experimental work than 5.310 or 5.311. The course emphasizes organic synthesis assisted by chiral catalysis, purification, and analysis of organic compounds employing such methods as IR, 1D and 2D NMR, UV spectroscopies and mass spectrometry, and thin layer and non-chiral and chiral gas chromatography. In 5.32, experiments also involve enzyme purification, characterization and assays, as well as molecular modeling in organic synthesis and in biochemical systems. WARNING NOTICE The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level of safety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. Legal Notic

Survivability rate among pilots in case of ejection

The current paper presents a statistical analysis of a recent research made by the author [1], showing the factors causing the accidents that happened in Romanian Air Force from 1952 to 2014. Also the decision of ejection is analyzed. The study contains 225 events: 110 catastrophes and 115 accidents. 280 fighter pilots and 235 aircraft were involved in this analysis. The below information is a personal one and does not reflect an official position of the Ministry of National Defence

Laboratory Chemistry

Laboratory Chemistry (5.310) introduces experimental chemistry for students requiring a chemistry laboratory who are not majoring in chemistry. Students must have completed general chemistry (5.111) and have completed or be concurrently enrolled in the first semester of organic chemistry (5.12). The course covers principles and applications of chemical laboratory techniques, including preparation and analysis of chemical materials, measurement of pH, gas and liquid chromatography, visible-ultraviolet spectrophotometry, infrared spectroscopy, kinetics, data analysis, and elementary synthesis. NOTE: The Staff for this course would like to acknowledge that the experiments include contributions from past instructors, course textbooks, and others affiliated with course #5.310. Since the following works have evolved over a period of many years, no single source can be attributed. WARNING NOTICE The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level of safety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. Legal Notic

Energy efficiency in the building materials industry. Case study: Brick manufacturing in Romania

In this paper an overview of the construction materials industry, from an embedded energy point of view will be presented. A case study for four brick factories in Romania will also analyzed. The Energy Performance Indicators (EnPI) of each factory will be evaluated and compared with the global reference values and the most technically and economically feasible Energy Performance Improvement Actions (EPIAs) will be presented. The replicability of these EPIA’s in different materials manufacturing industries will be also analyzed

Advanced Chemical Experimentation and Instrumentation

Advanced experimentation, with particular emphasis on chemical synthesis and the fundamentals of quantum chemistry illustrated through molecular spectroscopy. Instruction and practice in the written and oral presentation of experimental results

Improving energy performance of a Cement Manufacturing factory by using Waste Heat Recovery Systems, Estimated vs. Actual achievements

Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) Systems are spreading more and more in cement factories and are essential in achieving the energy performance required by the European Directives, legislation, and standards. Using WHR Systems may assure an important percentage of the energy required by the manufacturing process, with no additional fuel and no additional greenhouse gas emissions. Using the waste heat as a power generation source, increases the energy efficiency of the process and decreases the thermal energy losses. As long as the kiln is functional, so is the WHR powerplant, generating the energy in an efficient manufacturing process with low operational costs and increased reliability. This paper aims at evaluating the actual technic and economic performance of a WHR System compared to the estimated performance determined in the feasibility study which was done prior to the investment in order to prove the viability of the technology in the cement manufacturing industrial sector. The paper proves that the WHR proved to be financially inefficient if the feasibility study input data was considered and correlated with the actual technical performance but lead to extremely attractive financial indicators when considering actual, updated capital expenditures and operational expenditures and technical performance

The smart transition of Power Transmission Network needed for the sustainable development of Bucharest City

Large cities around the world continue to grow larger. This is also the case of Bucharest, the capital city of Romania and one of the largest and most densely populated locations in Eastern Europe. In this article authors present an overview of the development of Bucharest as the largest electricity consumer amongst the Romanian municipalities and analyse possible solutions for the refurbishment of the HV (High Voltage) grid. This process needs to help the city development and its transition to a Smart City. At first authors present the strategy of local authorities for improving the living standard and decrease the environmental pollution. The impact of this strategy on the electrical energy demand is further analysed. Possible technologies are presented for substations and electrical lines starting from the current situation of the transmission network. All these can contribute to a decrease of the environmental impact and to an increase in the continuity of the power supply. Technical and economical evaluation of the refurbished grid is further presented along with a sensitivity analysis. The evaluation of the investment is made by taking into consideration the demand forecast. Lines and transformers are sized and chosen with the best available technology. For the economic analysis authors used criteria accepted by funding sources, banks especially, such as NPV and IRR. The sensitivity of the project economics is tested and discussed. As conclusions authors present the environmental benefits of gradually changing the technology used for electricity transmission in a large city such as Bucharest, mainly regarding land occupancy with switchgear and line routes and soil pollution

The Environmental Impact Reduction obtained by implementing an Energy Management System. The advantages of using Energy Management and Energy Savings Standards when performing Industrial Energy Audits

Energy audits are used world-wide for developing energy efficiency projects. Industrial consumers have complex energy supply, generation and distribution networks and a variety of energy use installations. Romanian industrial companies became more interested in the last years in implementing Energy Management Systems in accordance with ISO 50001 standard. This paper presents a comparison of using the current way of developing energy audits and the concepts provided by the ISO group of standards, by quantifying the environmental impact reduction generated by each methodology. Authors pointed out that current legislation does not fully match the rigors of the ISO 50001 group of standards when evaluating the Energy Baseline (EB), the Energy Performance Indicators (EPI) or the Energy Performance Improvement Actions (EPIA), thus leading to a lower global energy efficiency improvement in the hypothesis of implementing all the recommended EPIAs [1]. Identifying and developing energy efficiency measures following the recommendations of the energy management and energy savings group of standards may be more consistent and less risky for the industrial company, which in turn can lead to an overall improvement of the Carbon Footprint [2]