Preliminary Studies on Microsatellite Marker Analysis of Resistance to Common Bunt in several Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.)

In order to use markers for the selection of wheat resistance to the common bunt, there were tested certain wheat microsatellite markers (SSRs) on certain local accessions of bread wheat. A number of eleven SSR markers were tested on parental forms (five lines of bunt resistant wheat - Bt5, Bt8, Bt10, Bt11 genes and a number of eight cultivars and lines susceptible to common bunt. From the eleven tested markers, the Xgwm633 marker and Xgwm114 marker identified polymorphism on parental forms. Relying on co-segregation method, the Xgwm633 marker revealed a polymorphic fragment of 200 bp on the resistant wheat line 99419G4-1A/1-1 and a 230 bp fragment on the susceptible cultivar Glosa. So the fragment of 200 bp obtained with this marker could be assigned to some common bunt resistant genes. The Xgwm114 marker revealed a polymorphic fragment of 120 bp on resistant wheat line 00274G2-31, harboring the Bt11 resistant gene, and two fragments of 160 bp and 180 bp on susceptible cultivar Glosa. So the fragment of 120 bp obtained with this marker could be assigned to Bt11 resistant gene. That result was also confirmed by BSA (Bulked Segregant Analysis) method. The linkage relationship between markers and resistant genes was evaluated on the F2 populations resulted from the cross between 99419G4-1A/1-1 and 00274G2-31 the wheat resistant lines with the susceptible cultivar (Glosa). The value of recombination between the Xgwm633 marker and a common bunt resistant gene was evaluated at 32 cM. A smaller value of recombination has been estimated between the marker Xgwm114 and the resistant gene (8 cM)

Conservation Agriculture versus Conventional Agriculture: The Influence of Agriculture System, Fertilization and Plant Protection on Wheat Yield

The paper aimed at making a comparison between conservation agriculture and conventional agriculture on wheat yield, in a three crop rotation (wheat, maize and soybean) system. A three factorial experiment based on the split-plot model and variance analysis was set in the Transylvania area of Romania, as follows: A factor-agriculture system: A1-tillage, A2-no-tillage, B factor-fertilization: B1-N40P40 kg/ha. B2-N40P40 kg/ha+N50P30 kg/ha; C factor- treatments: C1-4 treatments, C2-3 treatments, C3-2 treatments at heading, C4-2 treatments at blooming. Fertilization applied in its B2 variant in conservation agriculture brought 460 kg/ha production gain, significantly and statistically ensured. Under conservation agriculture, two treatments applied at blooming determined 318 kg/ha production gain, statistically and significantly covered. The interaction fertilization-treatments produced the highest wheat yield 5001 kg/ha in case of the B2C3 variant, in conventional agriculture, and 5272 kg for the same variant in conservation agriculture, the difference of 953 kg compared to the central variant B1C1 being statistically ensured. Under the conditions of Transylvania, farmers could adopt conservation agriculture as a solution for increasing wheat production, reducing the number of treatments and applying more fertilizer upon blooming. The advantage of the implementation of such a system resides in its beneficial effect on soil structure, water reserve and biodiversity, as well