[Sacerdotes] [Material gráfico]

Contiene fotografías pertenecientes al archivo fotográfico del diario "Región", publicadas entre 1969 y 1983Algunas fotos no indican autoría; el resto firmadas por Foto Imperio (Miranda de Ebro), Foto Pipo, Studios Zapico (Mieres), Estudio Fotográfico Hnos. Esteban (Moreda), Información Gráfica Sierra (Oviedo), Foto Riera (Lada), Salvador Hevia (Oviedo), Foto E. Gar (Oviedo), EF

Analysis of the common genetic component of large-vessel vasculitides through a meta- Immunochip strategy

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) are major forms of large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) that share clinical features. To evaluate their genetic similarities, we analysed Immunochip genotyping data from 1,434 LVV patients and 3,814 unaffected controls. Genetic pleiotropy was also estimated. The HLA region harboured the main disease-specific associations. GCA was mostly associated with class II genes (HLA-DRB1/HLA-DQA1) whereas TAK was mostly associated with class I genes (HLA-B/MICA). Both the statistical significance and effect size of the HLA signals were considerably reduced in the cross-disease meta-analysis in comparison with the analysis of GCA and TAK separately. Consequently, no significant genetic correlation between these two diseases was observed when HLA variants were tested. Outside the HLA region, only one polymorphism located nearby the IL12B gene surpassed the study-wide significance threshold in the meta-analysis of the discovery datasets (rs755374, P?=?7.54E-07; ORGCA?=?1.19, ORTAK?=?1.50). This marker was confirmed as novel GCA risk factor using four additional cohorts (PGCA?=?5.52E-04, ORGCA?=?1.16). Taken together, our results provide evidence of strong genetic differences between GCA and TAK in the HLA. Outside this region, common susceptibility factors were suggested, especially within the IL12B locus

A genome-wide association study identifies risk alleles in plasminogen and P4HA2 associated with giant cell arteritis

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of vasculitis in individuals older than 50 years in Western countries. To shed light onto the genetic background influencing susceptibility for GCA, we performed a genome-wide association screening in a well-powered study cohort. After imputation, 1,844,133 genetic variants were analysed in 2,134 cases and 9,125 unaffected controls from ten independent populations of European ancestry. Our data confirmed HLA class II as the strongest associated region (independent signals: rs9268905, P = 1.94E-54, per-allele OR = 1.79; and rs9275592, P = 1.14E-40, OR = 2.08). Additionally, PLG and P4HA2 were identified as GCA risk genes at the genome-wide level of significance (rs4252134, P = 1.23E-10, OR = 1.28; and rs128738, P = 4.60E-09, OR = 1.32, respectively). Interestingly, we observed that the association peaks overlapped with different regulatory elements related to cell types and tissues involved in the pathophysiology of GCA. PLG and P4HA2 are involved in vascular remodelling and angiogenesis, suggesting a high relevance of these processes for the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this type of vasculitis

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure fl ux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defi ned as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (inmost higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium ) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the fi eld understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. Along these lines, because of the potential for pleiotropic effects due to blocking autophagy through genetic manipulation it is imperative to delete or knock down more than one autophagy-related gene. In addition, some individual Atg proteins, or groups of proteins, are involved in other cellular pathways so not all Atg proteins can be used as a specific marker for an autophagic process. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field

A Large-Scale Genetic Analysis Reveals a Strong Contribution of the HLA Class II Region to Giant Cell Arteritis Susceptibility

We conducted a large-scale genetic analysis on giant cell arteritis (GCA), a polygenic immune-mediated vasculitis. A case-control cohort, comprising 1,651 case subjects with GCA and 15,306 unrelated control subjects from six different countries of European ancestry, was genotyped by the Immunochip array. We also imputed HLA data with a previously validated imputation method to perform a more comprehensive analysis of this genomic region. The strongest association signals were observed in the HLA region, with rs477515 representing the highest peak (p = 4.05 × 10−40, OR = 1.73). A multivariate model including class II amino acids of HLA-DRβ1 and HLA-DQα1 and one class I amino acid of HLA-B explained most of the HLA association with GCA, consistent with previously reported associations of classical HLA alleles like HLA-DRB1∗04. An omnibus test on polymorphic amino acid positions highlighted DRβ1 13 (p = 4.08 × 10−43) and HLA-DQα1 47 (p = 4.02 × 10−46), 56, and 76 (both p = 1.84 × 10−45) as relevant positions for disease susceptibility. Outside the HLA region, the most significant loci included PTPN22 (rs2476601, p = 1.73 × 10−6, OR = 1.38), LRRC32 (rs10160518, p = 4.39 × 10−6, OR = 1.20), and REL (rs115674477, p = 1.10 × 10−5, OR = 1.63). Our study provides evidence of a strong contribution of HLA class I and II molecules to susceptibility to GCA. In the non-HLA region, we confirmed a key role for the functional PTPN22 rs2476601 variant and proposed other putative risk loci for GCA involved in Th1, Th17, and Treg cell function

A Comparative History of Psychology During the South American Dictatorships (1964-1985)

The American continent is subdivided into several regions according to different criteria. From a geographical perspective, it is divided into North America, Central America, and South America. The last of these is known for the homogeneity of it Ibero-American culture and for the similar geopolitical processes that many of its nations have undergone.Through colonization and land expropriation, South America was colonized primarily by Spain and Portugal (both of which reigned on the Iberian Peninsula) and Spanish and Portuguese became the official languages of the continent. Geopolitically, the region went through a process of colonial liberation after Napoleon's invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. This process lasted from the end of the first decade of the 19th century until the establishment of new republics at the end of the third decade of that same century. After that time, a subtle Anglo-Saxon socioeconomic dependence developed, initially British and later American. These processes of socioeconomic development had a direct impact on South America's political stability. The influence of Anglo-Saxon countries over South America shifted during the 19th and 20th centuries. In the mid-20th century, especially after World War II, the United States (US) became the most influential nation in the region. The US influenced the economy, politics, and education, and an important part of its influence occurred during the military dictatorships that took place during the second part of the 20th century. Studies of the late 1950s to the end of the 1980s claim that, in a broad sense, the process known as the Cono Sur (Southern Cone, a geo-political region of South America, including but not limited to Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay) dictatorships held sway over the region. This process was characterized by an economically liberal-capitalist and socially conservative perspective that decidedly impacted the development of psychology.However, it should be acknowledged that academic disciplines?their subdisciplines and their manner of research and practice?are not isolated. On the contrary, the historical and political context leaves a profound mark on them. This is why, in this chapter, we will revise the conclusion of previous studies of the academic, scientific, and professional consequences for psychology of South America's dictatorships.Fil: Polanco, Fernando Andrés. Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Béria, Josiane Sueli. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Zapico, Martín Gonzalo. Universidad Nacional de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Lopes Miranda, Rodrigo. Universidade Católica Dom Bosco; Brasi

Archaeometric analysis of Asturian pottery in XVI-XVII centuries

We offer in this paper the results of the first archaeometric analysis performed on pottery productions elaborate in Asturias (Spain) between the early sixteenth century and the mid-seventeenth century. 10 samples were selected from the most representative types of Asturian potteries from this period. The samples were analyzed using different characterization techniques: X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), for elementary quantification of the components of the different samples and Glow Discharge Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (GD-ToFMS) to meet qualitatively of minor elements present. The supplied data will allow us to characterize and learn about productions that were made in Asturias in the late Middle Ages from a physical-chemical view

Archaeometric analysis of Asturian pottery in XVI-XVII centuries

We offer in this paper the results of the first archaeometric analysis performed on pottery productions elaborate in Asturias (Spain) between the early sixteenth century and the mid-seventeenth century. 10 samples were selected from the most representative types of Asturian potteries from this period. The samples were analyzed using different characterization techniques: X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), for elementary quantification of the components of the different samples and Glow Discharge Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (GD-ToFMS) to meet qualitatively of minor elements present. The supplied data will allow us to characterize and learn about productions that were made in Asturias in the late Middle Ages from a physical-chemical view.Gobierno del Principado de Asturias, Programa “Severo Ochoa” de ayudas predoctorales (FICYT).Actas del XIth Congress AIECM3 on Medieval and Modern Period Mediterranean CeramicsOfrecemos en este trabajo los resultados de los primeros análisis arqueométricos realizados sobre producciones cerámicas elaboradas en Asturias (España) entre principios del siglo XVI y mediados del siglo XVII. Se han seleccionado 10 muestras pertenecientes a las tipologías más representativas de la cerámica asturiana de esta época. Las muestras han sido estudiadas utilizando diversas técnicas de análisis: Fluorescencia de Rayos X (XRF), para la cuantificación elemental de los componentes de cada muestra y Glow Discharge Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (GD-ToFMS) para conocer los elementos minoritarios presentes. Los datos aportados nos permitirán caracterizar y conocer desde un punto de vista físico-químico las producciones que se elaboraban en Asturias a finales de la Edad Media