Intracellular trafficking and cellular uptake mechanism of PHBV nanoparticles for targeted delivery in epithelial cell lines

Indexación: Web of Science; Scopus; Scielo.Background: Nanotechnology is a science that involves imaging, measurement, modeling and a manipulation of matter at the nanometric scale. One application of this technology is drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles obtained from natural or synthetic sources. An example of these systems is synthetized from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), which is a biodegradable, biocompatible and a low production cost polymer. The aim of this work was to investigate the uptake mechanism of PHBV nanoparticles in two different epithelial cell lines (HeLa and SKOV-3). Results: As a first step, we characterized size, shape and surface charge of nanoparticles using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Intracellular incorporation was evaluated through flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy using intracellular markers. We concluded that cellular uptake mechanism is carried out in a time, concentration and energy dependent way. Our results showed that nanoparticle uptake displays a cell-specific pattern, since we have observed different colocalization in two different cell lines. In HeLa (Cervical cancer cells) this process may occur via classical endocytosis pathway and some internalization via caveolin-dependent was also observed, whereas in SKOV-3 (Ovarian cancer cells) these patterns were not observed. Rearrangement of actin filaments showed differential nanoparticle internalization patterns for HeLa and SKOV-3. Additionally, final fate of nanoparticles was also determined, showing that in both cell lines, nanoparticles ended up in lysosomes but at different times, where they are finally degraded, thereby releasing their contents. Conclusions: Our results, provide novel insight about PHBV nanoparticles internalization suggesting that for develop a proper drug delivery system is critical understand the uptake mechanism.https://jnanobiotechnology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12951-016-0241-

Digital Implementation of FIR Filters for the Minimize of Optical and Optoelectronic Noise of an Optical Scanning System.

[EN] There are different devices capable of discriminating optical and optoelectronic noise, however, the cost of its implementation and maintenance is expensive. This paper examines the possibility of digitally integrating Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters into the transducer of an OSS systems to obtain better performance in a real operating environment. In this paper we propose the evaluation of the implementation of different FIR filters in different photo-sensors transducers, such as the Light-Dependent Resistor (LDR) and the Light Emitting Diode (LED).[ES] Existen distintos dispositivos capaces de discriminar el ruido óptico y optoelectrónico, sin embargo, el costo de su implementación y mantenimiento resulta costoso. Este trabajo examina la posibilidad de integrar digitalmente filtros de respuesta finita al impulso (en inglés, FIR; Finite Impulse Response) al transductor de un sistema OSS para obtener un mejor rendimiento en un ambiente real de operación. En este trabajo se propone la evaluación de la implementación de distintos filtros FIR en diferentes transductores fotosensores como lo son el resistor dependiente de luz (en inglés, LDR; Light-Dependent Resistor) y el diodo emisor de luz (en inglés, LED; Light-Emitting Diode).Miranda-Vega, JE.; Rivas-López, M.; Flores-Fuentes, W.; Sergiyenko, O.; Lindner, L.; Rodríguez-Quiñonez, JC. (2019). Implementación digital de filtros FIR para la minimización del ruido óptico y optoelectrónico de un sistema de barrido óptico. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática. 16(3):344-357. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2019.10210SWORD34435716

Pattern recognition applying LDA and LR to optoelectronic signals of optical scanning systems

[ES] Este artículo da seguimiento a previas experimentaciones actualmente publicadas acerca de la minimización de ruido ópticoeléctrico en los sistemas de barrido óptico OSS (en inglés, Optical Scanning Systems), implementando técnicas computacionales para el reconocimiento de los patrones que se generan de cada fuente de referencia y que son utilizadas para indicar una coordenada que el OSS monitoreará. Técnicas como análisis linear discriminante LDA (en inglés, Linear Discriminant Analysis) y regresión lineal LR (en inglés, Linear Regression) fueron implementadas para discriminar las señales causadas por otras fuentes distintas a las de referencia. Para aumentar la eficiencia de estos modelos fueron implementados codificación predictiva lineal LPC (en inglés, Linear Predictive Coding) y Cuantiles como extractores de características. Los resultados fueron alentadores con tasas de reconocimiento mayores al 91.2 %, alcanzando en algunos casos una exactitud del 100 %.[EN] This paper is a follow-up to previous researches already published regarding the minimization of optical-electrical noise in optical scanning systems OSS, by the implementation of computational techniques for pattern recognition generated by each reference source used to indicate a coordinate that the OSS will be monitoring. Techniques such as linear discriminant analysis LDA and linear regression LR were implemented in order to discriminate the signals caused by other sources different to the references. In order to enhance the efficiency of these models was implemented linear predictive coding LPC and quantiles as features extractors. The results were encouraging with rates of recognition greater than 91.2 %, reaching in some cases an accuracy of 100 %.Miranda-Vega, JE.; Rivas-López, M.; Flores-Fuentes, W.; Sergiyenko, O.; Lindner, L.; Rodríguez-Quiñonez, JC. (2020). Reconocimiento de patrones aplicando LDA y LR a señales optoelectrónicas de sistemas de barrido óptico. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 17(4):401-411. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2020.12385OJS401411174Brooks, D. R., Mims III, F. M., 2001. Development of an inexpensive handheld led-based sun photometer for the globe program. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 106 (D5), 4733-4740. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900545Cervantes, J., Taltempa, J., Lamont, F. G., Castilla, J. S. R., Rendon, A. Y., Jali- li, L. D., 2017. Análisis comparativo de las técnicas utilizadas en un sistema de reconocimiento de hojas de planta. 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Experimental validation of cost-effective vision- based structural health monitoring. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 88, 199-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2016.11.021Flores-Fuentes, W., López, M., Sergiyenko, O., González-Navarro, F. F., Rivera-Castillo, J., Hernandez-Balbuena, D., Rodríguez-Quiñonez, J., 2014. Combined application of power spectrum centroid and support vector ma- chines for measurement improvement in optical scanning systems. Signal Processing 98, 37-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2013.11.008Flores-Fuentes, W., Miranda-Vega, J. E., Rivas-López, M., Sergiyenko, O., Rodríguez-Quiñonez, J. C., Lindner, L., 2018. Comparison between different types of sensors used in the real operational environment based on optical scanning system. Sensors 18 (6). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18061684Jayalakshmi, T., Santhakumaran, A., 2011. Statistical normalization and back propagation for classification. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering 3 (1), 1793-8201. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJCTE.2011.V3.288Jo, H., Sim, S.-H., Tatkowski, A., Spencer Jr, B., Nelson, M. E., 2013. Feasibility of displacement monitoring using low-cost gps receivers. Structural Control and Health Monitoring 20 (9), 1240-1254. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1532Jung, H. K., Park, G., 2018. Integrating passive-and active-sensing techniques using an l-shaped sensor array for impact and damage localization. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29 (17), 3436-3443. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X17733059Lindner, L., Sergiyenko, O., Rodríguez-Quiñonez, J. C., Rivas-Lopez, M., Hernandez-Balbuena, D., Flores-Fuentes, W., Murrieta-Rico, F. N., Tyrsa, V., 2016. Mobile robot vision system using continuous laser scanning for industrial application. Industrial Robot: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/IR-01-2016-0048Mims, F. M., Dec 2000. Solar radiometer with light-emitting diodes as spectrally-selective detectors. Appl. Opt. 39 (34), 6517-6518. http://ao.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-39-34-6517, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.39.006517Miranda-Vega, J. E., Rivas-Lopez, M., Flores-Fuentes, W., Sergiyenko, O., Lindner, L., Rodríguez-Quiñonez, J. C., 2019. Implementación digital de filtros fir para la minimización del ruido óptico y optoelectrónico de un sistema de barrido óptico. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial 16, 344-357. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2019.10210Rivera-Castillo, J., Flores-Fuentes, W., Rivas-Lopez, M., Sergiyenko, O., Gonzalez-Navarro, F. F., Rodríguez-Quiñonez, J. C., Hernandez-Balbuena, D., Lindner, L., Básaca-Preciado, L. C., 2017. Experimental image and range scanner datasets fusion in shm for displacement detection. Structural Control and Health Monitoring 24 (10), e1967. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1967Sergiyenko, O., Hernandez, W., Tyrsa, V., Cruz, L. F. D., Starostenko, O., Peña-Cabrera, M., 2009. Remote sensor for spatial measurements by using optical scanning. Sensors 9 (7), 5477-5492. https://doi.org/10.3390/s90705477Van der Auweraer, H., Peeters, B., 2003. Sensors and systems for structural health monitoring. Journal of Structural Control 10(2), 117-125. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.196710.1002/stc.21X.Ba, Q.Pan, B.Ju, Z.Feng, 2017. Ultrafast displacement actuation of piezo- electric stacks with time-sequence. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 64, 2955-2961. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.196710.1109/TIE.2016.263111

Reliability of low-cost near-infrared spectroscopy in the determination of muscular oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration during rest, isometric and dynamic strength activity

Indexación ScopusBackground: The objective of this study was to establish the reliability of the Humon Hex near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in determining muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) and hemoglobin concentration (Hgb) at rest and during isometric and dynamic strength exercises using a functional electromechanical dynamometer (FEMD). Methods: The SmO2 and Hgb values of sixteen healthy adults (mean ± standard deviation (SD): Age = 36.1 ± 6.4 years) were recorded at rest and during isometry (8 s), dynamic strength I (initial load of 40% of the average isometric load, with 2 kg increments until muscle failure) and dynamic strength II (same as I, but with an initial load of 40% of the maximum isometric load) activity. To evaluate the reliability in the determination of SmO2 and Hgb of this device, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of variation (CV) were obtained. Results: The main results obtained are SmO2 at rest (CV = 5.76%, SEM = 3.81, ICC = 0.90), isometric strength (CV = 3.03%, SEM = 2.08, ICC = 0.92), dynamic strength I (CV = 10.6, SEM = 7.17, ICC = 0.22) and dynamic strength II (CV = 9.69, SEM = 6.75, ICC = 0.32); Hgb at rest (CV = 1.97%, SEM = 0.24, ICC = 0.65), isometric strength (CV = 0.98%, SEM = 0.12, ICC = 0.96), dynamic strength I (CV = 3.25, SEM = 0.40, ICC = 0.54) and dynamic strength II (CV = 2.74, SEM = 0.34, ICC = 0.65). Conclusions: The study shows that Humon Hex is a reliable device to obtain SmO2 and Hgb data in healthy adult subjects at rest and during isometric strength, providing precision for measurements made with this device. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/23/882