A Sense of Place: An Affordance Perspective on Social Media Attachment and Social Media Addiction

This research examines the relationship between social media attachment and addiction by considering social media as built environments that users infrastructure or furnish to their preferences and interests (Reimers et al. 2022). Grounded in the interactional theory of place attachment and the affordance perspective, this study identifies the properties of social media\u27s built environments that promote attachment. We assessed a structural model using survey data collected from 324 students at a major U.S. university. The results reveal that a strong attachment to social media significantly predicts addiction, highlighting how positive experiences can lead to unintended negative outcomes. This aligns with prior research, which suggests that people primarily use social media platforms for pleasurable experiences, driven by the psychological need for comfort, familiarity, and enjoyment. The implications of these findings are discussed, underscoring the importance of considering place attachment in the study of social media addiction

A Social Movements Perspective on “Issue” Surfacing in Brand Communities

This paper develops a model of how an “issue” surfaces in weakly-structured interactions characteristic of socialmedia. Understanding how individuals’ thoughts acquire the status of an “issue” worthy of collective concern is anessential prelude to understanding how individuals may be able to mobilize resources from powerful others viasocial media. We develop a model of such issue surfacing by drawing upon the social movements literature tointerpret interactions by members of Starbucks’ brand community. Participants negotiate and refine “issues’ that areworthy of collective action

PROFESSIONAL VERSUS POLITICAL CONTEXTS: INSTITUTIONAL MITIGATION AND THE TRANSACTION COST HEURISTIC IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS OUTSOURCING.

IS research has considered the outsourcing decision from the perspective of transaction cost economics (TCE) and institutional theory. In this research, we consider how the appropriation of the logic of transaction cost economics is contingent on decision makers' institutional context. The institutional contexts contrasted are professional versus political contexts. In a survey of 214 city governments in the United States, we substantiate the existence of these two institutional contexts, a distinction that has been noted to extend into the private sector as well. Subsequent analyses of the moderating effects of institutional context on the application of the TCE heuristic to the outsourcing decision revealed the following: The institutional context moderated the impacts of "human frailty" conditions--of opportunism and bounded rationality--and of transaction frequency on outsourcing decisions. In professional contexts, opportunism reduced outsourcing and frequency increased outsourcing; in political contexts, bounded rationality fostered outsourcing and frequency dissuaded outsourcing. However, no institutional moderation was noted for the situational conditions of asset specificity and uncertainty. Instead, situational conditions were found to increase the incidence of outsourcing across both contexts. Findings about the contingent effects of human frailty conditions augment our understanding of the outsourcing phenomenon by emphasizing that decision makers' attentiveness to the logic of transaction costs during outsourcing is shaped by their institutional context. Findings with regard to situational conditions suggest a need for future research to consider the role of another contextual factor--resource munificence--in mitigating the effects of situational conditions on responses to transaction costs.Ye

Creating Opportunity amid Geographic Constraint on Digital Innovation Discourses

The discourses essential to effective information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) are subject to constraints. Using a critical discourse lens, we ask (1) how geography constrains digital innovation discourses on a digital platform and (2) how these constraints can be alleviated. Informed by the ICT4D and digital innovation literatures, we analyzed 3.3 million tweets from 1,476 accounts from 54 countries. Using text mining, we surfaced distinct digital innovation discourses and subjected ten of them to in-depth analysis. The network structures of these discourses show geographic constraints on authoring, citing, and tie formation, answering our first research question. Further analysis revealed that complex and novel discourses enjoy more diversity in authoring and citing, and more freedom in tie formation, answering our second question. We conclude that digital innovation discourses are geographically constrained; however, entrepreneurial actors advance complex and novel discourses, creating opportunities for emancipation of marginalized countries

How Does AI Fail Us? A Typological Theorization of AI Failures

AI incidents, often resulting from the complex interplay of algorithms, human agents, and situations, violate norms and can cause minor or catastrophic errors. This study systematically examines these incidents by developing a typology of AI failure and linking these modes to AI task types. Using a computationally intensive grounded theory approach, we analyzed 466 unique reported real-world AI incidents from 2013 to 2023. Our findings reveal an AI failure typology with six modes, including artifact malfunction, artifact misuse, algorithmic bias, agency oversight, situational unresponsiveness, and value misalignment. Furthermore, we explore the relationship between these failure modes and the tasks performed by AI, uncovering four propositions that provide a framework for future research. Our study contributes to the literature by offering a more holistic perspective on the challenges faced by AI-powered systems, beyond the critical challenges of fairness, transparency, and responsibility noted by the literature

Cultural Production of Protest Frames and Tactics: Cybermediaries and the SOPA Movement

On the surface, the recent mobilization of opposition to the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) over the internet appears to be yet another cyberactivism success. Yet, the anti-SOPA movement should have been doomed to failure for two reasons. First, the issue was too abstract to mobilize local kinship and friendship groups. Second, because mass media interests were served by the bill, mass media was unmotivated to diffuse the anti-SOPA message. Our analysis of this movement suggests it succeeded because of cybermediaries, internet companies that used their sites to diffuse the anti-SOPA message. They accomplished this through cultural productions of protest frames and tactics – technology-based verbal, graphical, and experiential representations of the SOPA protest frame and technology-based toolkits for use at the cybermediaries’ sites as well as for use at visitors’ sites. Our key contribution lies in identifying the nature and relative impact of these frames and tactics in cyberactivism

A Call to Arms: A Social Movements Perspective on Issue Surfacing on Social Media

The objective of this paper is to present a preliminary model of the emergence of an issue, initiated by the thought of an individual, communicated via the internet, modified and embraced by new participants, and surfaced into the social consciousness of a large number of people ready to mobilize resources to enact change within their environment. In other words, the theory attempts to understand how a single message, floating in the Sargasso Sea of information, evolves into a movement that demands a particular type of response from private citizens, corporate entities, or governments. The focus of this model is therefore on how an issue comes to be surfaced. Key elements of the emergent model include program, identity, and standing claims articulated within messages and the valence, richness and reach of responses to the messages. We briefly consider subsequent consequences of issue surfacing for resource mobilization

Professional Versus Political Contexts: Institutional Mitigation of the Transaction Cost Heuristic in IS Outsourcing

IS research has considered the outsourcing decision from the perspective of transaction cost economics (TCE) and institutional theory. In this research, we consider how the appropriation of the logic of transaction cost economics is contingent on decision-makers’ institutional context. The institutional contexts contrasted are professional versus political contexts. In a survey of 214 city governments in the United States, we substantiate the existence of these two institutional contexts, a distinction that has been noted to extend into the private sector as well. Subsequent analyses of the moderating effects of institutional context on the application of the TCE heuristic to the outsourcing decision revealed the following: The institutional context moderated the impacts of “human frailty” conditions – of opportunism and bounded rationality – and of transaction frequency on outsourcing decisions. In professional contexts, opportunism reduced outsourcing and frequency increased outsourcing; in political contexts, bounded rationality fostered outsourcing and frequency dissuaded outsourcing. However, no institutional moderation was noted for the situational conditions of asset-specificity and uncertainty. Instead, situational conditions were found to increase the incidence of outsourcing across both contexts. Findings about the contingent effects of human frailty conditions augment our understanding of the outsourcing phenomenon by emphasizing that decision-makers’ attentiveness to the logic of transaction costs during outsourcing is shaped by their institutional context. Findings with regard to situational conditions suggest a need for future research to consider the role of another contextual factor – resource munificence – in mitigating the effects of situational conditions on responses to transaction costs

The Social Construction Of Meaning: An Alternative Perspective On Information Sharing

Research on information sharing has viewed this activity as essential for informing groups on content relevant to a decision. We propose and examine an alternate function of information sharing, i.e., the social construction of meaning. To accomplish this goal, we turn to social construction, social presence, and task closure theories. Drawing from these theories, we hypothesize relationships among the meeting environment, breadth and depth of information shared during a meeting, and decision quality. We explore these relationships in terms of the effects of both the media environment in which the group is situated and the medium that group members choose to utilize for their communication. Our study of 32, 5- and 6-person groups supports our belief that interpretation underlies information sharing and is necessary for favorable decision outcomes. It also supports the proposed negative effect of low social presence media on interpretation in terms of depth of information sharing; a low social presence medium, however, promotes information sharing breadth. Finally, the findings indicate that when in multimedia environments and faced with a relatively complex task, choosing to utilize an electronic medium facilitates closure and, therefore, favorable outcomes