Dieta orekatuen diseinurako gida

82 p.Dieta osatzen dute egunean zehar kontsumitu ohi ditugun elikagai eta edari guztiek. Dietak banakoaren beharrak ase ditzake ala ez, eta, hala egiten duenean, osasungarria izaten da. Dieta, jarduera fisikoarekin batera, erabakigarria da osasuna sustatzeko eta mantentzeko. Aski frogatu da elikaduraren eta osasunaren arteko erlazioa; aipagarria da, esate baterako, dietak gaixotasun kroniko faktoreanitzen garapenean duen garrantzia; adibidez: arazo kardiobaskularretan, hipertentsioan, obesitatean, diabetesean, minbizi mota batzuetan eta osteoporosian, besteak beste. Gaitz horietan faktore genetikoek, ingurunekoek eta bizitza-ohiturek eragiten dute. Lehengo biak ez bezala, bizitza-ohiturak norberaren esku daude, bereziki, elikadura-ohiturak eta jarduera fisikoa. Hortaz, gizakiok zuzenean eragin dezakegu, elikadura-eredu egokiaren eta neurrizko jarduera fisiko orekatuaren bidez, epe erdi-luzerako osasunean, ardura gugan hartuz

Markovian master equations for quantum thermal machines: local vs global approach

The study of quantum thermal machines, and more generally of open quantum systems, often relies on master equations. Two approaches are mainly followed. On the one hand, there is the widely used, but often criticized, local approach, where machine sub-systems locally couple to thermal baths. On the other hand, in the more established global approach, thermal baths couple to global degrees of freedom of the machine. There has been debate as to which of these two conceptually different approaches should be used in situations out of thermal equilibrium. Here we compare the local and global approaches against an exact solution for a particular class of thermal machines. We consider thermodynamically relevant observables, such as heat currents, as well as the quantum state of the machine. Our results show that the use of a local master equation is generally well justified. In particular, for weak inter-system coupling, the local approach agrees with the exact solution, whereas the global approach fails for non-equilibrium situations. For intermediate coupling, the local and the global approach both agree with the exact solution and for strong coupling, the global approach is preferable. These results are backed by detailed derivations of the regimes of validity for the respective approaches.Comment: Published version. See also the related work by J. Onam Gonzalez et al. arXiv:1707.0922

Effect of Wakame and Carob Pod Snacks on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Snacks combining different functional ingredients could represent a useful therapeutic strategy against NAFLD. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of two snack formulations based on carob and wakame flour in the treatment for NAFLD in rats. For this purpose, metabolic syndrome was induced in 50 adult rats by a high-fat high-fructose diet over eight weeks. After this period, rats were fed either normal calorie diets supplemented or not with snack A (1/50 wakame/carob pod) and snack B (1/5 wakame/carob pod) for four additional weeks. After sacrifice, liver composition and serum parameters were analyzed. Different pathways of triacylglycerol metabolism in liver were studied including fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid synthesis, triglyceride assembly and release, fatty acid uptake and glucose uptake. Oxidative stress was also measured. Snack treatment, and mainly B snack, reduced liver triacylglycerol levels by increasing fat oxidation. Moreover, this snack reduced oxidative stress. Therefore, this snack formulation could represent an interesting tool useful for fatty liver treatment.This study has been supported by the National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology of Spain (INIA: RTA2014-0037-C02), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERobn) and Basque Government (IT-572-13)

Giza Nutrizioa

Duración (en horas): De 31 a 40 horas. Destinatario: Estudiante y DocenteBi izango dira ikasleek ardatz modura Giza Nutrizioko iraskasgaia garatzeko erbiliko dituzten arazoak: ZER EGITEN DU ORGANISMOAK JANDAKOAREKIN? ZERGATIK ETA ZERTARAKO BEHAR DU GURE GORPUTZAK ENERGIA

Conocimiento didáctico del contenido (CDC) de profesores de biología de enseñanza media acerca de la noción científica de ecosistema : Estudio de casos

La enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación de la ciencia que se promueve en el aula adquiere mucho valor cuando el profesor reflexiona sobre su práctica y sobre las decisiones que toma a la hora de enseñar. Al reflexionar, es necesario que existan instancias donde los profesores puedan analizar sus propias acciones, pero además, tener un marco de referencia para comparar y evaluar sus prácticas, en el marco curricular chileno, la evaluación docente, es un instrumento que entrega información de la práctica y saberes del profesor. Saberes que, por cierto resultan relevantes de indagar y explorar, particularmente, el conocimiento didáctico. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar el conocimiento didáctico del contenido (CDC) sobre la noción de ecosistema en profesores de biología en ejercicio a través de un cuestionario ReCo aplicado a 4 profesores de educación secundaria. Los resultados preliminares dan cuenta que cuando el profesor intenciona su enseñanza existen distintos enfoques de los profesores respecto a una misma noción científica a enseñar (ecosistema). Esto indicaría que resulta relevante proporcionar un conocimiento avalado teóricamente por las comunidades de expertos, que otorguen indicios de qué conocimientos presenta el docente y cuáles son las relaciones que pueden o no existir dentro del conocimiento didáctico del contenido. Lo que permitiría, identificar en qué medida el docente conoce de su propia disciplina, y como se representa la enseñanza de un conocimiento en particular, entre otros componentes que son considerados dentro del CDC.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Conocimiento didáctico del contenido (CDC) de profesores de biología de enseñanza media acerca de la noción científica de ecosistema : Estudio de casos

La enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación de la ciencia que se promueve en el aula adquiere mucho valor cuando el profesor reflexiona sobre su práctica y sobre las decisiones que toma a la hora de enseñar. Al reflexionar, es necesario que existan instancias donde los profesores puedan analizar sus propias acciones, pero además, tener un marco de referencia para comparar y evaluar sus prácticas, en el marco curricular chileno, la evaluación docente, es un instrumento que entrega información de la práctica y saberes del profesor. Saberes que, por cierto resultan relevantes de indagar y explorar, particularmente, el conocimiento didáctico. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar el conocimiento didáctico del contenido (CDC) sobre la noción de ecosistema en profesores de biología en ejercicio a través de un cuestionario ReCo aplicado a 4 profesores de educación secundaria. Los resultados preliminares dan cuenta que cuando el profesor intenciona su enseñanza existen distintos enfoques de los profesores respecto a una misma noción científica a enseñar (ecosistema). Esto indicaría que resulta relevante proporcionar un conocimiento avalado teóricamente por las comunidades de expertos, que otorguen indicios de qué conocimientos presenta el docente y cuáles son las relaciones que pueden o no existir dentro del conocimiento didáctico del contenido. Lo que permitiría, identificar en qué medida el docente conoce de su propia disciplina, y como se representa la enseñanza de un conocimiento en particular, entre otros componentes que son considerados dentro del CDC.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Are miRNA-103, miRNA-107 and miRNA-122 Involved in the Prevention of Liver Steatosis Induced by Resveratrol?

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the reduction in liver fat previously observed in our laboratory in a cohort of rats which had been fed an obesogenic diet was mediated by changes in the expression of microRNA (miRNA)-103-3p, miRNA-107-3p and miRNA-122-5p, which represent 70% of total miRNAs in the liver, as well as in their target genes. The expression of the three analysed miRNAs was reduced in rats treated with resveratrol. A reduction in sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and an increase in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a) were observed in resveratrol-treated rats. No changes were found in fatty acid synthase (FAS). In cultured hepatocytes, SREBP1 protein was increased after the transfection of each miRNA. FAS protein expression was decreased after the transfection of miRNA-122-5p, and CPT1a protein was down-regulated by the over-expression of miRNA-107-3p. This study provides new evidences which show that srebf1 is a target gene for miRNA-103-3p and miRNA-107-3p, fasn a target gene for miRNA-122-5p and cpt1a a target gene for miRNA-107-3p. Moreover, the reduction in liver steatosis induced by resveratrol in rats fed an obesegenic diet is mediated, at least in part, by the increase in CPT1a protein expression and activity, via a decrease in miRNA-107-3p expression.This study was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (AGL-2015-65719-FEDER-UE), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERobn), Government of the Basque Country (IT-572-13) and University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (ELDUNANOTEK UFI11/32). A. Gracia is a PhD fellowship from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad

Changes in white adipose tissue metabolism induced by resveratrol in rats.

BACKGROUND: A remarkable range of biological functions have been ascribed to resveratrol. Recently, this polyphenol has been shown to have body fat lowering effects. The aim of the present study was to assess some of the potential underlying mechanisms of action which take place in adipose tissue. METHODS: Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: control and treated with 30 mg resveratrol/kg body weight/d. All rats were fed an obesogenic diet and after six weeks of treatment white adipose tissues were dissected. Lipoprotein lipase activity was assessed by fluorimetry, acetyl-CoA carboxylase by radiometry, and malic enzyme, glucose-6P-dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthase by spectrophotometry. Gene expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, lipoprotein lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase, PPAR-gamma, SREBP-1c and perilipin were assessed by Real time RT-PCR. The amount of resveratrol metabolites in adipose tissue was measured by chromatography. RESULTS: There was no difference in the final body weight of the rats; however, adipose tissues were significantly decreased in the resveratrol-treated group. Resveratrol reduced the activity of lipogenic enzymes, as well as that of heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase. Moreover, a significant reduction was induced by this polyphenol in hormone-sensitive lipase mRNA levels. No significant changes were observed in other genes. Total amount of resveratrol metabolites in adipose tissue was 2.66 ± 0.55 nmol/g tissue. CONCLUSIONS: It can be proposed that the body fat-lowering effect of resveratrol is mediated, at least in part, by a reduction in fatty acid uptake from circulating triacylglycerols and also in de novo lipogenesis

Markovian master equations for quantum thermal machines: local versus global approach

The study of quantum thermal machines, and more generally of open quantum systems, often relies on master equations. Two approaches are mainly followed. On the one hand, there is the widely used, but often criticized, local approach, where machine sub-systems locally couple to thermal baths. On the other hand, in the more established global approach, thermal baths couple to global degrees of freedom of the machine. There has been debate as to which of these two conceptually different approaches should be used in situations out of thermal equilibrium. Here we compare the local and global approaches against an exact solution for a particular class of thermal machines. We consider thermodynamically relevant observables, such as heat currents, as well as the quantum state of the machine. Our results show that the use of a local master equation is generally well justified. In particular, for weak inter-system coupling, the local approach agrees with the exact solution, whereas the global approach fails for non-equilibrium situations. For intermediate coupling, the local and the global approach both agree with the exact solution and for strong coupling, the global approach is preferable. These results are backed by detailed derivations of the regimes of validity for the respective approaches

Effects of Physiological Doses of Resveratrol and Quercetin on Glucose Metabolism in Primary Myotubes

henolic compounds have emerged in recent years as an option to face insulin resistance and diabetes. The central aim of this study was: (1) to demonstrate that physiological doses of resveratrol (RSV) or quercetin (Q) can influence glucose metabolism in human myotubes, (2) to establish whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B –PKB- (Akt) pathways are involved in this effect. In addition, the effects of these polyphenols on mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation were analysed. Myotubes from healthy donors were cultured for 24 h with either 0.1 μM of RSV or with 10 μM of Q. Glucose metabolism, such as glycogen synthesis, glucose oxidation, and lactate production, were measured with D[U-14C]glucose. β-oxidation using [1–14C]palmitate as well as the expression of key metabolic genes and proteins by Real Time PCR and Western blot were also assessed. Although RSV and Q increased pgc1α expression, they did not significantly change either glucose oxidation or β-oxidation. Q increased AMPK, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), and AS160 phosphorylation in basal conditions and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3β) in insulin-stimulated conditions. RSV tended to increase the phosphorylation rates of AMPK and GSK3β. Both of the polyphenols increased insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and reduced lactate production in human myotubes. Thus, physiological doses of RSV or Q may exhibit anti-diabetic actions in human myotubes.This research has been supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERObn) under Grant CB12/03/30007 (01/2013) and by the University of the Basque Country under Grant GIU18-173 (07/2018)